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13问答网 > 均匀带电的导体球内部各点电势相等．如图，在半球面AB上均匀分布正电荷，总电荷量为q，球面半径为R，CD为

均匀带电的导体球内部各点电势相等．如图，在半球面AB上均匀分布正电荷，总电荷量为q，球面半径为R，CD为

2025-03-15 13:45:38

推荐回答（1个）

回答1：

设想一个均匀带电、带电量为q的右半球，与题目中所给的左半球组成一个完整的均匀带电球面，由对称性可知，右半球在M点的电势φ_M′等于左半球在N点的电势，即：
φ_M′=φ_N…①
故：
φ+φ_N=φ_M′+φ_N′…②
而φ+φ_N′正是两个半球同时存在时P点的电势．因为均匀带电球壳内部各处电势都相等，其值为k

2q

R

，k为静电力常量，故：
φ+φ_M′=k

2q

R

…③
由②③解得：
φ_N=φ_M′=k

2q

R

-φ
故选：B

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