动词不定式和动词ing的区别是什么？因为他们都可以做主语和宾语

动词不定式、动词ing分词和ed分词的区别与联系
一、动词不定式与-ING分词的区别
1.
作宾语时，-ING分词表示抽象的、一般性或习惯性的和连续性的动作，而不定式则表示某次具体动作，特别是将来的动作
I
like
playing
football.
I
would
like
to
play
football
this
afternoon.
1)
The
school
cannot
tolerate
on
exams.
〔A〕
cheating
〔B〕
to
cheat
〔C〕
be
cheated
〔D〕
being
cheated
2)
News
of
success
keeps
in.
〔A〕
pouring
〔B〕
to
pour
〔C〕
poured
〔D〕
to
be
pouring
3)
Long
〔A〕
before
the
dawn
〔B〕
of
recorded
〔C〕
history,
humans
celebrated
to
harvest
〔D〕
their
crops.
2.
作定语时，-ING表示正在进行的动作，用-ING的完成时表示动作的完成；不定式表示未来发生
4)
We
were
overjoyed
at
the
news
of
China
another
man-made
satellite.
〔A〕
having
launched
〔B〕
to
have
launched
〔C〕
to
launch
〔D〕
launched
5)
The
applicants
interviewing
〔A〕
are
required
to
〔B〕
bring
all
the
necessary
papers
〔C〕
two
days
later
〔D〕
.
6)
Sorghum(高梁)
leaves
〔A〕
occasionally
contain
〔B〕
enough
hydrocyanic
acid
killing
〔C〕
livestock(牲畜)
〔D〕
.
3.
当谓语动词是进行时的时候，用不定式而不用-ING分词作宾语
It's
beginning
to
snow
you.
It
starts
raining.
I'm
considering
how
to
go(where
to
go,
what
to
do).
I
considered
emplying
Mr.Wang
but
decided
that
Mr.Chen
was
more
suited
to
the
job.
4.
在remember,forget等词后，如果跟-ING分词，表示-ING分词的动作发生在主要谓语之前；如果跟不定式则表示不定式的动作发生在主要谓语动作之后
I
remember
telling
her
that
last
night.
(“告
诉”发生在“记得”之前)
He
remembered
to
tell
her
that
when
she
came
back.
(“记得”发生在“告诉”之前)
I'm
sorry
I
forgot
to
give
you
the
message.
(主
语动词表示的动作“忘记”发生在不定式表
示的动作“给带口信”之前)
Why!
I
have
such
a
bad
memory.
I
forgot
giving
the
message
last
night.
(-ING分词
表示的动作“给带口信”发生在谓语动词表
示的动作“忘记”之前)
5.
stop,
go
on和leave
off之后跟接动词不定式和-ING分词所表达的意义有所不同
They
stopped
(talking)
to
work.
〔停下(其他动作)来工作〕
They
stopped
working.
〔停下工作(来干其他动作)〕
Workers
went
on
discussing
the
problem.
〔工人继续讨论这一问题〕
Workers
went
on
to
discuss
the
problem.〔工人们停下来其他事，继续讨论这一问题〕
He
left
off
writing.〔他停下写作(去干其他事)〕
He
left
off
to
write.〔他停下(其他事)来写作〕
6.
…
used
to后跟不定式和-ING分词，后跟不定式有两种情况：一种是used
to是固定用法表示“过去经常干……”；另外一种情况是use的被动词态“be
used”后跟不定式；后跟-ING分词的情况有一种，那就是当used
to中的used是形容词时，to后跟名词或-ING分词
7)
When
he
was
in
the
plastic
plant,
he
together
with
the
workers.
〔A〕
has
worked
〔B〕
had
worked
〔C〕
had
been
worked
〔D〕
used
to
work
8)
You
will
soon
this
climate
and
then
the
changes
in
temperature
will
not
affect
you.
〔A〕
get
used
to
〔B〕
get
to
〔C〕
get
over
〔D〕
get
on
with
9)
Mr.
Anderson
used
to
jogging
〔A〕
in
the
crisp
morning
〔B〕
air
during
〔C〕
the
winter
months
〔D〕
,
but
now
he
has
stopped.
7.
一般情况下，for后边跟接there
to
be,而of后边则跟接there
being
10)
It
is
fairly
common
in
Africa
for
there
an
ensemble
of
expert
musicians
surrounded
by
others
who
join
in
by
clapping,
singing,
or
somehow
adding
to
the
totality
of
musical
sound.
〔A〕
to
be
〔B〕
being
〔C〕
to
have
been
〔D〕
having
been
8.
be＋形容词后面要跟动词不定式作状语，而不用-ING
It
is
very
difficult
to
manage
the
company.
二、-ING分词与-ED分词的区别
虽然在语法功能上，-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同，但在意义上两者有差别：-ING分词表示主动的意义，而-ED分词则表示被动的意义；-ING分词表示一般性的或正在进行的动作，而-ED分词则表示已经完成和被动的动作。在表现形式上，-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分；而-ED分词只有一种形式。下边我们分析-ING分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。
1.
作表语时，-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态
The
book
is
quite
interesting.
I
am
insteredted
in
the
book
very
much.
The
play
is
more
exciting
than
any
I
have
ever
seen.
That
piece
of
land
lay
deserted.
2.
作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况
11)
In
his
movies，W.
C.
Fields
was
always
at
war
with
the
world，
.
〔A〕
battling
both
people
and
objects
〔B〕
both
people
and
objects
were
battled
〔C〕
he
was
battling
both
people
and
objects
〔D〕
both
people
and
objects
that
were
battled
13)
Having
been
served
lunch，
.
〔A〕
the
problem
was
discussed
by
the
members
of
the
committee
〔B〕
the
committee
members
discussed
the
problem
〔C〕
it
was
discussed
by
the
committee
members
the
problem
〔D〕
a
discussion
of
the
problem
was
made
by
the
members
of
the
committee
12)
for
her
anthropological
research，Margaret
Mead
also
was
involved
with
the
World
Federation
for
Mental
Health.
〔A〕
She
is
noted
primarily
〔B〕
Noted
primarily
〔C〕
Primarily
is
noted
〔D〕
She
primarily
noted
14)
Considered
one
of
the
leading
poets
in
America
today，
.
〔A〕
a
number
of
books
and
plays
have
also
been
written
by
Sonia
Sanchez
〔B〕
Sonia
Sanchez
has
also
written
a
number
of
books
and
plays
〔C〕
a
number
of
Sonia
Sanchez’s
books
and
plays
have
been
written
〔D〕
there
have
been
a
number
of
books
and
plays
written
by
Sonia
Sanchez
3.
①作定语时，-ING分词表示正在进行的动作，而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前；②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态，而-ED分词则没有时间性；③-ING分词表示主动，而-ED分词表示被动
15)
The
boiled
〔A〕
point
of
any
liquid
〔B〕
is
determined
〔C〕
by
the
pressure
〔D〕
of
the
surrounding
gases.
16)
High-grade
〔A〕
written
〔B〕
paper
is
frequently
〔C〕
obtained
〔D〕
from
cotton
rags.
17)
Scientists
〔A〕
still
cannot
find
〔B〕
any
convinced
〔C〕
link
between
intelligence
〔D〕
and
the
quantity
or
quality
of
brain
cells.
4.
但少数几个动词的-ED分词，有两种形式而且在意义上有差别，如：bear的-ED分词有born和borne之分，前者只用于“出生”的意义，而后者用于“负担”，“负荷”，“承担”和“传送”之意
I
was
born
in
1966.
His
borne
responsibility
to
the
whole
workers
of
the
factory
is
really
great.
再如：hang的-ED分词也有两种，一是hung,另一形式是hanged,
前者表示“悬挂”，后者表示“吊死，绞死”。strike的-ED分词也有两种：struck和striken,
前者有“打击”“冲击”“感动”等义，而striken只用作形容词，表示“受折磨”之意。
来自及物动词的-ED分词所表示的是被动意义；来自不及物动词的-ED分词则可表示主动和完成的意义：fallen
leaves
(落叶)，a
full-blown
rose
(盛开的玫瑰),
escaped
prinsoners(逃犯),
the
exploded
bomb,
her
deceased
husband,
the
retired
workers,
the
vanished
jewels,
the
newly
arrived
visitors,
the
returned
students,
the
risen
sun.

英语专业回答：动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置

to do主要用来表示一次性具体性将要发生性的行为。其逻辑主语暗中有所指。
doing主要用来表示经常性习惯性抽象性发生的行为。其逻辑主语暗中无所指。
To play with fire is dangerous.指有人要玩火。将要发生性
playing with fire is dangerous.教育性宣传。抽象性
To see is to believe.指有人要撒谎。一次性将要发生性
Seeing is believing.教育性宣传。经常性抽象性。
I like to swim in the river.一次具体性
I like swimming.经常性反复性