可以使用QTextCursor和QTextCharFormat:
QTextEdit *edit = new QTextEdit;
...
int begin = ...
int end = ...
...
QTextCharFormat fmt;
fmt.setBackground(Qt::yellow);
QTextCursor cursor(edit->document());
cursor.setPosition(begin, QTextCursor::MoveAnchor);
cursor.setPosition(end, QTextCursor::KeepAnchor);
cursor.setCharFormat(fmt);
这是我从stackoverflow上搬来了。。。how to highlight a string of text within a qtextedit