∵|a-2|+(b+1)2=0,∴a-2=0,b+1=0,∴a=2,b=-1,5ab2-[2a2b-(4ab2-2a2b)]=5ab2-(2a2b-4ab2+2a2b)=5ab2-2a2b+4ab2-2a2b=9ab2-4a2b,当a=2,b=-1时,原式=9×2×(-1)2-4×22×(-1)=34.