分流和蒸馏在原理及装置上有哪些异同

2025-03-17 14:46:46
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

* 蒸馏(Distillation)
将液体混合物加热至沸使其变为蒸气,然后将其冷凝为液体的过程.
蒸馏是分离和提纯液体有机化合物最常用的方法之一.也可作为鉴定有机物和判断物质纯度的一种方法.
* 分馏(fractional distillation)
基本原理与蒸馏相类似.不同之处是在装置上多一个分馏柱,利用分馏柱使汽化、冷凝的过程由一次改进为多次.简单地说,分馏即是多次蒸馏.
* 蒸馏和分馏都是分离提纯液体有机化合物的重要方法.蒸馏主要用于分离两种或两种以上沸点相差较大的液体混合物(至少30℃以上),而分馏是分离和提纯沸点相差较小的液体混合物,现在最精密的分馏设备已能将沸点相差1~2℃的混合物分开.分馏已在实验室和化学工业中广泛应用.

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