(1)由P=
得,灯泡灯丝的电阻:RL=U2 R
=U额2 P额
=12Ω;(6V)2
3W
(2)灯泡工作时间:t=3min=3×60s=180s,
由:P=
得,灯泡消耗的电能:W=Pt=3W×180s=540J;W t
(3)由:P=UI得,灯泡正常发光时电流:I=
=P U
=0.5A,3W 6V
由于灯泡与定值电阻串联,定值电阻中电流:IR=IL=0.5A,
由:I=
得,定值电阻两端电压:UR=IRR=0.5A×6Ω=3V,U R
定值电阻消耗的功率:PR=URIR=3V×0.5A=1.5W.
答:(1)小灯泡正常发光时灯丝的阻值为12Ω;
(2)小灯泡正常工作3min,消耗的电能是540J;
(3)此时电阻R消耗的功率是1.5W.