某学生在实验室制取乙酸乙酯的主要步骤如下:①配制2mL浓硫酸、3mL乙醇(含18O)和2mL乙酸的混合溶液.②

2025-03-16 02:08:45
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)浓硫酸密度大于水,且溶于水放出大量热,应该将浓硫酸加入乙醇中,所以操作方法为:将浓H2SO4加入乙醇中,边加边振荡,然后再加入乙酸或先将乙醇与乙酸混合好后再加浓硫酸并在加入过程中不断振荡;
浓硫酸具有吸水性,在酯化反应中起:催化剂和吸水剂的作用;
酯化反应中,羧酸脱去羟基,醇脱去氢原子,所以该反应的化学方程式为:CH3COOH+C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5+H2O,
故答案为:应先加入乙醇,然后边摇动试管边慢慢加入浓硫酸,最后加入冰醋酸;催化剂 吸水剂;CH3COOH+C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5+H2O;
(2)制备乙酸乙酯时常用饱和碳酸钠溶液,目的是中和挥发出来的乙酸,使之转化为乙酸钠溶于水中;溶解挥发出来的乙醇;降低乙酸乙酯在水中的溶解度,便于分层得到酯,所以BC正确,
故答案为:BC;     
(3)反应物中乙醇、乙酸的沸点较低,若用大火加热,大量反应物随产物蒸发而损失原料,温度过高还可能发生其他副反应,所以为防止乙醇、乙酸挥发,造成原料的损失,应小火加热,
碳酸钠水解呈碱性,乙酸乙酯不溶于饱和碳酸钠溶液,密度比水小,有香味,振荡时乙酸和碳酸钠反应而使溶液红色变浅;
乙酸乙酯不溶于碳酸钠溶液,所以混合液会分层,可以通过分液操作分离出乙酸乙酯,使用到的主要仪器为分液漏斗;乙酸乙酯密度小于碳酸钠溶液,分液时从分液漏斗的上口倒出,
故答案为:减少乙酸乙醇的挥发,减少副反应的发生;试管乙中的液体分成上下两层,上层无色,下层为红色液体,振荡后下层液体的红色变浅;分液漏斗;上口倒;
(4)因在乙酸的物质的量相同条件下,增加乙醇的物质的量平衡向右移动,乙酸乙酯的物质的量增加,减少乙醇的物质的量平衡向左移动,乙酸乙酯的物质的量减少,所以1.57<X<1.76,根据实验①②⑤条件的异同可知,实验①②⑤探究的是增加乙醇或乙酸的用量对酯产量的影响,
故答案为:1.57<X<1.76;增加乙醇或乙酸的用量对酯产量的影响;

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