汽车排气中的CO、NO X 已经成为大气的主要污染物,使用稀土等催化剂能将CO、NOx、碳氢化合物转化成无毒物

2025-03-16 04:07:03
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)N 2 (g)+O 2 (g)=2NO(g)△H=+180.5kJ/mol①
2C(s)+O 2 (g)=2CO(g)△H=-221.0kJ/mol②
C(s)+O 2 (g)=CO 2 (g)△H=-393.5kJ/mol ③
方程式③×2-②-①得NO (g)+2CO(g)=N 2 (g)+2CO 2 (g)
所以△H=(-393.5kJ/mol)×2-(-221.0kJ/mol)-(+180.5kJ/mol)=-746.5 kJ/mol,
故答案为:NO (g)+2CO(g)=N 2 (g)+2CO 2 (g)△H=-746.5 kJ/mol;                             
(2)①通过图象知,NO转化效率比NO 2  的低;在250°C-450°C时,NOx转化率随温度升高而增大,450°C-600°C时NOx转化率随温度升高而减小.  
故答案为:NO转化效率比NO 2  的低;在250°C-450°C时,NOx转化率随温度升高而增大,450°C-600°C时NOx转化率随温度升高而减小;                                  
②根据图象知,温度越高(450度),二氧化氮的转化率越小,所以该反应是放热反应,且该反应是气体体积增大的反应.
A、催化剂只改变反应到达平衡的时间,不改变化学平衡状态,故A错误;
B、该反应是放热反应,所以降低温度,平衡向正反应方向移动,增大二氧化氮的转化率,故B正确;
C、分离出H 2 O(g),减少生成物的浓度,平衡向正反应方向移动,增大二氧化氮的转化率,故C正确;
D、该反应是气体体积增大的反应,增大压强,平衡向逆反应方向移动,二氧化氮的转化率降低,故D错误;
故答案为:BC;                                                                
(3)肺部CO和O 2 的浓度分别为10 -6 mol?L -1 和10 -2 mol?L -1
K=
c(Hb?CO)?c( O 2 )
c(Hb? O 2 )?c(CO)
=
c(Hb?CO)× 10 -2
c(Hb? O 2 10 -6
=220
C(Hb.CO)
C(Hb. O 2 )
×100%=2.2%
>2%,
答:抽烟会造成人的智力损伤.

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