英文翻译

Trial

试验

Trial,in a general sense,concerns
investigation and decision of a matter in issue between parties before a
competent tribunal,including all steps taken in the case from its submission to
the trial court or jury to the rendition of judgment. A trial may be defined
broadly and comprehensively as a judicial examination of the issues between the
parties.

试验,从一般意义上说,关注问题的调查和决策问题各方之间主管法庭之前,包括所有步骤的情况下从提交到法院或陪审团审判的引渡的判断。审判可以定义广泛,全面的司法考试双方之间的问题。

Trials are usually held before a judge
sitting alone,a referee,or a judge and jury. In most states of the U.S. the
details of trial in the various courts are regulated by the state codes of civil
and criminal procedure and the state constitutions. Civil cases are divided into
two classes:equity cases,which are usually tried by a judge sitting without a
jury; and actions at law,which are usually tried before a jury.

试验前通常法官独自坐着,裁判或法官和陪审团。在大多数州,美国试验的细节在不同的法院受到民事和刑事程序的状态代码和国家宪法。民事案件分为两类:股权的情况下,它通常是由一个法官没有陪审团,在法律和行动,这通常是尝试过的陪审团。

Trial by Jury

由陪审团审判

In civil cased the right to a trial by
jury may,in most jurisdictions,be waived. In some states the defendant may waive
the right to be tried by a jury even in criminal cases,although in many
jurisdictions the rule obtains that in all cases involving the commission of
felonies the defendant must be tried by a jury.

在民事下套管由陪审团审判的权利,在大多数地区,是放弃。在一些州被告可以放弃由陪审团审判的权利甚至在刑事案件中,尽管在许多地方的规则获得所有案件的重罪被告必须由陪审团审判。

Trial by Referee

审判由裁判

In law in the U.S. ,a referee is an
attorney authorized by a civil court to act as an officer of the court in the
determination of a proceeding or suit referred to the referee. Reference of an
issue to a referee may be either voluntary or compulsory; it is most frequently
resorted to in actions involving long and complicated accounts,such as
bankruptcy actions,and in actions in which privacy and secrecy are considered
desirable in the public interest,such as divorce actions. The findings and
decision of a referee are submitted in a report which is filed with the court
ordering the reference; a trial before a referee is terminated when the
referee’s decision is confirmed by that court.

在美国法律,裁判是一个授权的律师民事法庭作为法院的一名军官的决心诉讼或诉讼裁判。参考问题裁判可以是自愿还是强制,这是最常采取的行动包括长和复杂的账户,如破产行动,在行动中,隐私和保密被认为是理想的公共利益,如离婚的行为。裁判的结果和决定是向法院提交的一份报告中提交订货参考,审判前裁判终止当裁判的决定是法院确认。

A trial conducted before a referee or a
judge sitting alone is identical with a jury trial,except that the opening
remarks and summations described above are omitted.

试验前进行裁判或独自法官与陪审团审判是相同的,除了上述开场白和合计都省略了。

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