Equation for kLa:
Imagine a gas bubble in liquid. For this discussion the gas bubble contains oxygen, and the liquid is the liquid in a bioreactor. kLa can be represented by the following equation:
kLa = kL × a
Where kLa is the mass transfer coefficient from the gas to liquid phase, given in sec^{‑1}
kL = liquid side mass transfer coefficient (resistance in gas side film can be neglected)
a = bubble surface (available for diffusion)
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