三伏天,如何防止水稻高温热害?

三伏天,如何防止水稻高温热害?
2025-03-16 04:10:03
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

水稻高温热害的防御措施

1、采用日灌夜排或喷灌的措施,以降低穗层温度,保护作物不受高温热害。有试验表明,当气温为35℃以上,田间灌不8~10厘米穗部温度可降低2.2℃,相对湿度增至加3~4%,扬花期后遇极端高温也可以采取穗层喷水的办法。
2、采取根外喷肥方法。根外喷施或0.2%的磷酸二氢钾溶液,外加氨基酸营养液肥,可增强水稻植株对高温的抗性,有减轻高温热害、提高结实率和千粒重的效果。
此外,在以后的生产中我们要选用耐高温的品种,以减轻高温对品种灌浆结实的影响:根据往年高温情况,适时播种移栽,使一季中稻的最佳抽穗扬花期安排在8月中旬以后,以有效地避开7月下旬至8月上旬存在的常发性的高温伏旱天气。

回答2:

高温对水稻的生长发育以及产量造成的危害,称为水稻高温热害。一般是指在水稻抽穗结实期,气温超过水稻正常生育温度上限,影响正常开花结实,造成空秕粒率上升而减产甚至绝收的一种农业气象灾害。如何防止水稻高温热害?1、选用耐高温的品种不同品种对高温热害的受灾程度有一定差异。在生产中首先应选择高产耐高温品种,以减轻高温对品种灌浆结实的影响。2、适时播种移栽应根据往年高温情况,适时播种移栽,使一季中稻的最佳抽穗扬花期安排在8月中旬,以有效地避开7月下旬至8月上旬存在的常发性的高温伏旱天气。3、采取灌深水,实行以水调温保持稻田有一定水层,可显著降低高温伏旱气候条件下产量损失程度。抽穗扬花期田间水层保持5~10厘米,可降低田间小气候温度2~3℃,减轻热害。尤其是对缺水干旱的田块,要及早提水灌溉,增加田间湿度,防止干旱与高温热害叠加影响。有条件的地方可采取日灌夜排或长流水灌溉。4、采取根外喷肥,增强水稻抗逆能力根外喷施3%过磷酸钙溶液或0.2%磷酸二氢钾溶液,外加喷施叶面营养液肥垄上牛人,以增强水稻植株对高温的抗性,提高结实率和千粒重。或在水稻苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期等时期,选择使用一次倒三青,能有效克服高温障碍,预防花粉败育,同时,能解决水稻6大种植难题。5、防控病虫害,促进植株健壮生长做到防病虫与防热害相结合。水稻主要防治稻飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟、水稻稻瘟病、纹枯病等病虫害。叶面喷施药肥一定要掌握好喷施浓度和喷施时间。溶液浓度不宜过高,否则,过高浓度容易导致植株叶片损伤,影响养分吸收;时间最好是傍晚。

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