on earth是一个副词词组,不会影响句子语气,相当于一个副词而且插入语一般不影响句式,可以忽略不计,如do you think/believe对照一下:what do you think makes him cry? what makes him cry?
插入语与句子的结构无关,因此,该用疑问句结构的地方还是应该用疑问句结构