概率论,分布函数怎么求?

2025-03-17 21:05:55
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

注意Φ(x)表示标准正态分布的分布函数,φ(x)表示标准正态分布的概率密度函数

且Φ‘(x)=φ(x), φ'(x)=-xφ(x)

于是题目中令2√y/a=t, dt/dy=1/(a√y)

则有F(y)=2Φ(t)-2tφ(t)-1,

利用复合函数求导可得

dF(y)/dx=(dF/dt)*(dt/dy)

=[2φ(t)-2φ(t)-2tφ'(t)][1/(a√y)]

=[2t²φ(t)][1/(a√y)]

=(8√y/a)φ[2√y/a]

方法如下

X的分布函数为Φ(x), 也就是标准正态分布函数. 注意Φ(x)不是初等函数,因此只能把它当作已知函数来表达相应的结果。

1). 当t<1时,Y≤t蕴含Y<1,此时Y=X<1. 所以P(Y≤t)=P(X≤t)=Φ(t). 

当t≥1时,Y≤1≤t恒成立,所以P(Y<=t)=1. 

所以Y的分布函数为分段函数:t<1时为Φ(t), t≥1为1. 图你就自己画吧……

至于Z的分布函数,求法类似,结果为:t<1时为Φ(1), t≥1为Φ(t).

2). 注意:无论X与1大小关系如何,Y+Z=1+X. 而X ~ N(0, 1) => 1+X~N(1,1). 所以Y+Z的分布函数为Φ(t-1).

3). 设W=Y^2,W的分布函数为F(t). 显然t<0时F(t)=0. 

当0≤t<1时,W≤t蕴含Y<1,此时Y=X<1. P(W≤t)=P(X^2≤t)=Φ(根号t)-Φ(-根号t)=2Φ(根号t)-1. 

当t≥1时,Y≤1≤根号t. 此时P(W≤t)=P(Y≥-根号t)=1-Φ(-根号t)=Φ(根号t).

所以: t<0时F(t)=0; 0≤t<1时,F(t)=2Φ(根号t)-1;t≥1时F(t)=Φ(根号t).

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