禽霍乱是怎样发生和流行的?如何预防和治疗?

2025-03-17 10:18:52
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

禽霍乱又名禽巴氏杆菌病,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的传染病,鸡、鸭、鹅、野禽与野鸟都可以感染。

禽霍乱在我国各地区都有发生,南方各省常年流行,北方各省则多呈季节性流行,原因是由于外界条件变化而引起。有的地区以春、秋两季发病较多,有的以夏末、秋、冬发病较多。病禽和带菌的家禽是本病的主要传染源,被污染的垫草、饲料、饮水、用具、设备、场地等可成为本病的传播媒介。狗、飞鸟、甚至人都能成为机械带菌者。昆虫如蝇类、蜱、鸡螨也是传播本病的媒介。

禽霍乱的流行与禽舍不卫生、阴雨潮湿、禽群拥挤、气候急剧变化(寒冷或闷热)等不良因素有关。在长途运输中,通风不良,家禽的抵抗力降低,往往造成本病的暴发。禽霍乱的防治措施如下:

(1)依据家禽的生长发育、生理阶段、生产性能、生产条件,合理补饲配合饲料,提供洁净饮水,维持动物健康,提高动物的抵抗力。

(2)为散养家禽提供舒适的洁净的养殖环境,保持禽舍干燥卫生,定期对禽舍、运动场、用具、设备等进行消毒。

(3)用禽霍乱死菌苗或弱毒菌苗免疫接种家禽,有一定的预防效果。

禽霍乱有多种血清型(类型)。在接种某种菌苗之后,难免还会发生禽霍乱。所以在本病严重发生的地区,在进行免疫接种的同时,应加强卫生消毒、药物防治等综合性防疫措施。

(4)用链霉素、土霉素、磺胺嘧啶等磺胺类药物及抗血清等治疗禽霍乱,可获得较好的疗效。抗血清的注射量为每只1.0~1.5毫升。

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