首先证明E(X-C)^2,当C=EX时最小,最小值为D(X)
E(X-C)^2=E[(X-EX)+(EX-C)]^2
=D(X)+2(EX-C)E(X-EX)+(EX-C)^2
=D(X)+(EX-C)^2
故当C=EX时,E(X-C)^2最小,最小值为D(X)
D(X)=E(X-EX)^2<=E[X-(b+a)/2]^2=∫[a,b][x-(b+a)/2]^2*f(x)dx
<=∫[a,b][b-(b+a)/2]^2*f(x)dx
(因(a+b)/2为区间[a,b]的中点,则对区间[a,b]的任意点x,都有
|x-(b+a)/2|<=|b-(b+a)/2|)
=∫[a,b][(b-a)/2]^2*f(x)dx
=(b-a)^2/4
故4D(X)<=(a-b)^2