甘露醇和甘油果糖的区别

2025-03-15 07:04:36
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

甘露醇和甘油果糖是临床上最常选用的降颅压药物,两者各有利弊。
甘露醇是单糖,在体内不被吸收,代谢上无活性,绝大多数以原形从肾脏排出,是渗透性利尿剂。它通过提高血浆胶体渗透压,使脑组织内水分进入血管内,脑组织体积相对缩小而达到降颅压目的,降颅压速度快。

 
甘油果糖为高渗性脱水药,为一种复方制剂,与甘露醇相比,本药起效慢,注射后(0.59±0.39)h颅内压开始下降,2h左右达高峰,降颅压可持续(6.03±1.52)h,比甘露醇约长2h。治疗脑水肿时每次250ml(含甘油25g,果糖12.5g,氯化钠2.25g),1~2次/d。甘油果糖不增加肾脏负担,一般无肾脏损伤作用。甘油果糖通过血脑屏障进入脑组织还能参与脑代谢提供热量。由于甘油果糖起效慢,紧急需要降颅压的情况难以奏效,但它作用时间长,无反跳现象,可以与甘露醇交替使用。
甘油果糖适用于有心功能障碍,不能耐受快速静脉输注甘露醇、伴有肾功损害、不需要立即获得降颅压挽救病人生命的紧急效果。

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