你好，
要长篇大论才能阐述明白，现只能简单介绍如下。
定语从句首先是定语，是修饰限制先行词（名词或代词）的。其引导词通常有who, whom, whose, that, which，when, where, why等。
He is the person whom/ that I saw yesterday.
2. 而宾语从句是名词性从句在句子做宾语。其中有动词宾语从句，介词宾语从句和形容词宾语从句。
引导词有 that (that 常可省略), whether, if，who, whom，whose, what ,which，when，where, how, why 等。
Do you know whom I saw yesterday？
I can tell you when he will come.
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