叶用枸杞主要病虫害有哪些?如何防治?

2025-03-16 14:15:31
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

叶用枸杞抗逆性比较强,但也有少数病虫害发生,主要有蚜虫、枸杞瘿螨、炭疽病、根腐病、白粉病等。

(1)枸杞瘿螨 是危害较严重的一种螨类害虫,以口针刺吸危害枸杞叶片与嫩枝为主,刺激受害部位的细胞增生,形成包状瘤瘿,螨在瘤瘿内寄生、繁殖和危害。严重影响到叶用的品质与商品外观。春季萌芽前是防治最适期,可采用45%~50%的硫黄胶悬剂300倍稀释液或用3~5波美度石硫合剂清园,还可兼治其他螨类;秋冬季全园大清剪时将危害严重的枝条清出园外集中烧毁;虫害发生期用40%乐果1000倍稀释液喷洒。

(2)蚜虫 危害嫩茎或嫩叶,吸取植株汁液,可用50%抗蚜威可湿性粉剂4000倍液或10%吡虫啉3000倍液喷洒。每7~10天喷一次,连喷1~2次。

(3)根腐病 一般4~6月开始发生,7~8月较严重。在植株根颈部开始发病,初期植株局部皮层腐烂,后期整株失水而萎蔫。防治上应注意田间排涝,防止积水;中耕时,不要碰伤植株,避免病菌从伤口侵入;及时拔除感病植株,并在其周围撒施生石灰、喷洒托布津等杀菌剂预防。

(4)白粉病 主要危害叶片和嫩枝。防治上应加强田间管理,收获后及时处理病残体,栽植密度适宜,必要时修剪疏枝以利于通风透光。发病初期及时喷60%菌可得600倍液或者15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂2000倍液,每隔7~10天喷一次,喷施2~3次。

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