请介绍一下液体弹道导弹和固体弹道导弹的优缺点

2025-03-17 15:25:17
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

从二战后至20世纪50年代末,美、苏两国研制出了第一代战略弹道导弹,如美国的“雷神”、“大力神”,苏联的SS-5、SS-6等,当时都是采用液体推进剂,从地面发射,在发射前要临时加注推进剂,因此发射准备时间长、生存能力低。从上世纪50年代末到60年代,一些国家研制出的第二代弹道导弹仍然采用液体推进剂,但有了一定的改进,如使用可储存推进剂,以缩短发射准备时间,进而提高生存能力。
固体弹道导弹好用是:主要原因还在于固体导弹造价较低,设备较少,反应较快。

固体弹道导弹也有缺点,这就是安全性不好,在制造过程中容易起火爆炸或固体推进剂的浇铸质量不佳而引起爆炸,造成弹毁人亡。例如,美国“北极星”A-2固体弹道导弹,曾多次因药柱缺陷而在发射台上爆炸;“潘兴”Ⅱ弹道导弹也有一次因隔热层处理不当导致爆炸;还有“三叉戟”Ⅰ固体弹道导弹也曾因第一级发动机绝热层故障而发射失败。

回答2:

固体弹道导弹的优点液体全没有。优点有发射准备时间短,易于保养,方便运输。

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