宋陵前的石雕造像的顺序是怎样的?

2025-03-15 06:34:11
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

宋陵前的石雕造像行列,是从乳台(陵前神道外门角楼遗址)之内开始的,由此沿神道两侧,由南向北,左右相对,其顺序是:

华表(或称“望柱”)一对。为八棱形立柱,高约6米,柱身满刻阴线减地云龙卷草或缠枝牡丹花纹,上置圆瓶宝珠攒尖式柱顶,柱下有双层柱基础座。因基础坚固,迄今仍多耸立完好。

大象和驯象奴一对。象与象奴并立于双层石座上。大象是唐陵前不曾见的雕刻物。宋陵雕置此兽的用意不明,是否也和唐高祖陵前雕置犀牛同属炫耀新奇?难以确定。象的体积比真象为大,高约3米,象奴装扮系外族形象,体躯亦大于真人。

瑞禽、瑞兽各一对,各置于三层厚石座上。唐陵前的翼马和朱雀鸟,都是统治者用以象征祥瑞或神灵护卫之意。朱雀在汉代即多应用,是想象中南方神鸟。唐代陵墓上的朱雀(鸵鸟)其用意也是为象征南方的祥瑞,其形式为浮雕,刻在一块石屏上。而宋陵的瑞鸟虽然仍是用浮雕的形式,则把石屏全面雕为山石云朵的复杂图案,用为鸟的背景,并且把鸟雕为一个既类马头又类羊头、鸟身、展翅欲飞的怪物。其出处名称,有待考证,唐陵前作为瑞兽的翼马,可能是来自汉代传说中的天马,作为神马雕置陵前,以示尊贵或祥瑞之意,而宋陵所雕出者,是既不类马、又不类狮、虎,而是有些类似犀牛的有翼怪兽。

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