从句的学习要从整体出发，先系统梳理，再分别通过，不过最重要的是，一定要练题，附件为高中语法大全，认真看一遍，语法应该没有问题，以下是从句摘录，简单句不叙述了，从句如下
十三、并列复合句
1、基本概念：
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。
2、常见的并列句：
(1) 用来连接两个并列概念的连接词有and , not only…but also…, neither…nor…等,and所连接的前后分句往往表示先后关系、递进关系。前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(2) 表示在两者之间选择一个,常用的连接词有or,otherwise,or else,either…or…等,前后分句的时态往往保持一致关系,若第一个分句是祈使句,那么第二个分句用将来时。
(3) 表明两个概念彼此有矛盾、相反或者转折, 常用的连接词有but,yet,still ,however等,前后分首搏句时态一致。
(4) 说明原因, 用连接词for ,前后分句时态一致。
(5) 表示结果,用连接词so, 前后分句时态一致。
十四、闷姿主从复合句
1、概念：
主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。
如：While the grandparents love the children, they are strict with them.(爷爷奶奶们很爱孩子,同时对他们也严格要求。)
It seemed as if the meetingwould never end.(看起来会议没完没了。) / Hurry up, or (else) you'll be late.(快点, 要不然就来不及了。) / However I cook eggs,the child still refuses to eat them.(不管我用什么方法煮鸡蛋,小孩还是不肯吃。)
2、分类：
从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。（参见以下各条）
3、各从句在句子中的位置以及用法：
(1)表语从句：在句子中作连系动词的表语的从句,它位于主句中的系动词之后。
例如：That is why he did not come to school yesterday./ It is because you are so clever.
(2) 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
①基本形式：（主句＋）连词+从句主语+从句谓语+...
②关于宾语从句连词的选择：
若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略;
若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether;
若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词(如what,who,where,when等)
例如：They believe that the computer will finally takethe place of human beings.(他们相信计算机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句)/I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster.(我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句Shall I say something for him to the headmaster?) / He asked me where he could getsuch medicine. (他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such medicine? )
③宾语从句的时态问题：如果主句是现在时,从句则用现在某一时态,甚至可以用过去时；
如主句是过去时蚂芹绝,从句则相应地使用过去某一时态,遇到客观真理时仍然用现在时。如：I think I will do better inEnglish this term. (我想本学期我的英语会学得好点。) / The teacher asked the boyif the earth is round. (老师问那个男孩地球是不是圆的。)
④下列结构后面的从句一般也作为宾语从句看待：
besorry / afraid / sure / glad +that从句,如：I’m sorry I’m late. (对不起,我迟到了。) / I’mafraid he isn’t in at the moment. (恐怕他此刻不在家。)
(3) 状语从句：在复合句中作状语,其位置可以在主句前或主句后。状语从句可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、比较、让步、条件等几种。状语从句由从属连接词引导。
时间状语从句通常由when ,as ,while, after, before, since, as soon as,since, till (until), while, whenever等引导。时间状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。如： When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. (你完成工作就可以出去和Jim一起玩了。) / I won’t leave until Mum comesback. (妈妈回来了我才会走。)
地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。如：Goback where you came from! (哪里来还滚到哪里去！) / I will never forget to catch thethief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. (我永远也不会忘记去抓住那个偷我项链的贼,无论他会在哪里。)
原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导,一般放在句首或句尾。如：He went abroad because his father had found agood university for him. (他出国了,因为他父亲给他找了一所好大学。)
目的状语从句通常由so that..., so...hat..., in order that...等引导,往往放在句尾,从句中通常含有can / could / may / might等情态动词。如：He got up earlier so that he could catch the firsttrain. (他起身更早为的是赶上第一班车。)
结果状语从句通常由so that..., so...that... 等引导,放在句尾。结果状语从句一般表示已经发生的事情,故多为过去时态。如：He lost so many bikes that he decided never to buy a new one. (他丢了那么多辆自行车,他决定再也不买新车了。)
比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so)...as等引导,一般省略从句的谓语部分,只剩下名词或代词(用主格或宾格均可)。如：Jane is much taller than I/me. (Jane比我高多了。) / I don’t have as many books as you (do).(我书没有你多)
让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if( even though), however,whatever等引导。如：Even if you pay the debt(债务) forme, I will not thank you because it has nothing to do with me. (即使你替我还了债我也不会感谢你,因为它与我毫无关系。)/ He wears a T-shirt though it is very cold. (他穿了一件T恤衫,尽管天很冷。)
条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导,条件状语从句一般放在句首或句尾,特别注意,时间状语从句不允许使用将来时,而应该用现在时替代。You will certainly fail in the coming finalexams unlessyou work much harder. (即将来到的期末考试你肯定考不及格,除非你更用功。) / If it doesn’ t rain tomorrow,we shall go hiking. (如果明天不下雨我们就要去徒步旅行。)
[注意] 1、because与so；(al)though与but；if与so不可以同在一个句子中成对出现。
2、时间、条件、原因,让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号与主句隔开。
(4) 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
①定语从句的位置：放在名词或代词的后面。如：The man who has an umbrella in his handis my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。)
②语法术语的改变：被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词；引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。
③关系代词或关系副词的作用：
关系代词who、whom和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) wehave been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which isbig enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)
关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如：This is the room where they had aquarrel a week ago.(这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day whenI first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。)
④限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如：She spent the whole evening talking abouther latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)
[注解]
1、关系代词只能用that的情况：当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如：All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。)/ Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西？) / This is the first two-storybus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。)
2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。如：Do you know the woman who is weeping in thecorner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗？) / Do not tell me any words thathave nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)
3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如：Tom’s father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。)
4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如：Thisis the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)
(5) 主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。
如：When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。)
里面附有习题，考生加油~！祝高考顺利！
高中英语各种复合句精品课程讲解
（英语尖子生培训课
什么叫名词性从句？
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
【一】主语从句慧历卜 【二】表语从句 【三】宾语从句
【四】定语从句 【五】同位语从句 【六】状语从句
【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
A 从属连词：that，whether。
从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.
1,有that 引导的主语从句如下：
1. That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
=It was obvious（that）the driver could not control his car.
2. That she was chosen made us very happy.
=it made us very happy that she was chosen
3. That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
=It is sheer luck that she is still alive
4. That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计划烂首注定要失败。
5. That you should have to leave is a pity
=It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
6. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
=It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice
7. That they should like each other is natural
=It is natural that they should like each other
8. That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true
=It is true that he will not come to the meeting this evening
9. That he will help others is a fact
10. That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.
11. That we can win is certain
=It is certain that we can win.
12. That you have made a mistake is a fact.
=It is a fact that you have made a mistake
13. It is ordered that we should leave at once.
14. That you don’t like him is none of my business.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的前穗搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
b. It + be +V ed 分词+ that-从句
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It was suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that… 是常识
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It was a fact that he cheated in the exam.
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It occurred to me that I forgot to send this letter
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。例如:
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。
It is imperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided / suggested / ordered ...)that ...例如:
It is said that many people was killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。
it seems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / ...)that ...
例如:
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether，如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if 改为whether
If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
Whether he will come is not clear.
Whether it will rain or not) is not clear
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
Whether the policeman will come is not certain.
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijingis not known yet.
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
whether he likes the job is not clear.
.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.
B连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)
What many scientists believe is that the earth is round …
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win is uncertain.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
What is needed for success) is your hard work.
Who can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher
What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
What he needs are some books.
Who he is and where he is from are important.
What he saw are the stars in the sky
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
C连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
When they will leave is not decided.
Where she is from is unknown.
How we will paint the house has not been decided.
When they will arrive has been told to the teacher
Where we will go tomorrow hasn’t been decided yet
When he will come is not known
When he will come is a puzzle
Where we shall spend the holiday isn’t decided.
Where he comes from is a mystery.
Conclusion:主语从句作 主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
主语从句的规律
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但if不能
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，把从句放在后面。
高中英语各种复合句精品课程讲解
（英语尖子生培训课
什么叫名词性从句？
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses）
名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句
【一】主语从袭粗尺句 【二】表语从句 【三】宾语从句
【四】定语从句 【五】同位语从句 【六】状语从句
【一】主语从句：在主句种充当主语成分的从句叫主语从句，
引导主语从句的连词有：从属连词；连接代词；连接副词
A 从属连词：that，whether。
从属连词；that，whether引导的主语从句在主语从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接词的作用，通常不可以省略。分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。如果是由It作形式主语，后面that可以省略.
1,有that 引导的主语从句如下：
1. That the driver could not control his war was obvious.
=It was obvious（that）the driver could not control his car.
2. That she was chosen made us very happy.
=it made us very happy that she was chosen
3. That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
=It is sheer luck that she is still alive
4. That the whole project is doomed to failure is quite clear
=It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.
很清楚，整个计凳枝划注定拍高要失败。
5. That you should have to leave is a pity
=It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
6. That he will refuse this piece of advice is impossible.
=It is impossible that he will refuse this piece of advice
7. That they should like each other is natural
=It is natural that they should like each other
8. That he will not come to the meeting this evening is true
=It is true that he will not come to the meeting this evening
9. That he will help others is a fact
10. That the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
=It is known to all that the earth turns around the sun.
11. That we can win is certain
=It is certain that we can win.
12. That you have made a mistake is a fact.
=It is a fact that you have made a mistake
13. It is ordered that we should leave at once.
14. That you don’t like him is none of my business.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It’s certain that… 肯定…
It is possible that... 很可能……
It is unlikely that... 不可能……
It is necessary \important \natural\... that…
It is possible that she will come back tomorrow.
It is obvious that this measure is effective.
b. It + be +V ed 分词+ that-从句
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
It is said that... 据说……
It is known to all that... 众所周知……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is believed that...据信……;人们相信……
It is suggested that + (should）do... 建议……
It must be admitted that…必须承认……
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认……
It must be pointed out that…需指出的是……
It was reported that 20 people were killed in the accident.
It was suggested that we should eat more vegetable and do more exercise
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is a pity/shame that... 遗憾的是……
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…
It is common knowledge that… …是常识
It is common knowledge that… 是常识
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It was a pity that we lost the match.
It was a fact that he cheated in the exam.
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It occurred to me that I forgot to send this letter
It happened that I came into the office at that time.
It is important(necessary / advisable / desirable / imperative / true / strange / possible ...)that ...需要注意的是,这类主语从句中,谓语动词很多为"(should)＋动词原形",即要用虚拟语气。例如:
It is necessary that several nurses (should) stay.
几个护士留在这儿是很有必要的。
It is imperative that everyone (should) learn from practice.
每个人都应该从实践中学习。
It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected / said / believed / decided / suggested / ordered ...)that ...例如:
It is said that many people was killed in the earthquake.
据说很多人在这次地震中丧生了。
it seems(appears / doesn’t matter / makes no difference / ...)that ...
例如:
It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not.
他是否会参加会议都无关紧要。
当用it作形式主语,而将主语从句放在句尾时,主语从句中的否定词常要前移至主句中。例如:
It doesn’t seem that they are from the same university.
It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow.
if 不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether，如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.或把if 改为whether
If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.
正: Whether Mary really heard him is really doubtful.
Whether he left (or not) is unknown
Whether he will come is not clear.
Whether it will rain or not) is not clear
Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Whether we will go tomorrow )hasn’t been decided yet
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.
Whether the policeman will come is not certain.
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijingis not known yet.
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
whether he likes the job is not clear.
.注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句
强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。
It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句
It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句
What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.
It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem
8.注意it 作形式主语的主语从句和as引导非限制性定语从句引导的不同
It is known to all that the earth is round.
As is known to all. the earth is round.
B连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever (Who, whom, which, what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起到强调作用。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导，它们在句子中担任成分，不能省略，语序为陈述语序)
What many scientists believe is that the earth is round …
Who will take part in the meeting has not been decided.
Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
Which student will win is uncertain.
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
这里说的话都应当保密。
Whoever makes mistakes must correct them.
凡犯了错误的人都必须改正。
What is needed for success) is your hard work.
Who can join in the sport meet) is decided by the teacher
What he needs is that book.
What he needs are some books.
What he needs are some books.
Who he is and where he is from are important.
What he saw are the stars in the sky
What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
C连接副词when，where， how， why等。
Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery.
When they will leave is not decided.
Where she is from is unknown.
How we will paint the house has not been decided.
When they will arrive has been told to the teacher
Where we will go tomorrow hasn’t been decided yet
When he will come is not known
When he will come is a puzzle
Where we shall spend the holiday isn’t decided.
Where he comes from is a mystery.
Conclusion:主语从句作 主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式
主语从句的规律
规律一、主语从句一律用陈述语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。
规律二、连词that 在从句中无实际意义，但不能省略。
规律三、whether 可以引导主语从句， 放在句首，但if不能
规律四、主语从句中的连词不能重叠使用
规律五、含主语从句的主句谓语动词多用单数第三人称形式。
规律六、what 引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主句动词的单复数形式
规律七、主语从句为了避免头重脚轻现象，用 it 做形式主语，把从句放在后面。
语法系列复习专题-----名词从句、定语从句
最关键的一点：名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些从句分别在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。而定语从句在整个句子中作定语，起修饰作用。
具体用法如下：
名词从句
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：I don’tknow where he will go.
主语从句：Where hewill go is unknown.
表语从句：The problemis how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：We all feelsorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether hehas won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2）引导表语从句时。例The problemis whether he can get a job.
（3）引导同位语从句时。例：I have noidea whether he will come.
（4）介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whetherI hurt her feelings.
2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he gotthe first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3．在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/apity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：It issuggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4．在“The reason why…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：The reasonwhy he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was toldin yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the placewhere”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝The place where)shehas gone is still unknown.
宾从：Would youplease tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从：Yourdictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：Have youany idea where(＝of theplace where) she is spending her holidays?
7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.
定语从句
一、定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose
作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定
语从句中作宾语，可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us themeaning of words(which
或that代物，在定从中作主语)
2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would yousuggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did notcame to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visitthe factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)
语法系列复习专题-----名词从句、定语从句
最关键的一点：名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，这些从句分别在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。而定语从句在整个句子中作定语，起修饰作用。
具体用法如下：
名词从句
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：I don’tknow where he will go.
主语从句：Where hewill go is unknown.
表语从句：The problemis how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：We all feelsorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）雀弯茄引导：
（1）引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether hehas won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2）引导表语从句时。例The problemis whether he can get a job.
（3）引导同位语从句时闹宏。例：I have noidea whether he will come.
（4）介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whetherI hurt her feelings.
2．位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he gotthe first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3．在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/apity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：It issuggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4．在“The reason why…isthat…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：The reasonwhy he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5．名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was toldin yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.
I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变顷察为“the placewhere”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝The place where)shehas gone is still unknown.
宾从：Would youplease tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从：Yourdictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：Have youany idea where(＝of theplace where) she is spending her holidays?
7．无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.
定语从句
一、定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1．关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose
作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定
语从句中作宾语，可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us themeaning of words(which
或that代物，在定从中作主语)
2．关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would yousuggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did notcame to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visitthe factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping´sfather, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which mademe very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all,he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
三、只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1．只用that引导的场合
1）当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talkedabout the men and the books that attracted
him.
2）指物的先行词被any, every,only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interestme./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The firststep that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that hegave me.
4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still muchthat can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5）先行词是who时：Who that have seen himdoes not like him?
2．不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This isthe man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found thatwhich I was looking for.
四、“介词＋关系代词”用法
1．介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is thegirl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2．介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built atelescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3．当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is thewatch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely dependon.
五、几个名词后的引导词
1. situation后常用where,inwhich引导定语从句：Can youimagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you knowthe way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3. “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。
例如：I have thesame dictionary as you(have
去年刚给学生买了一本适合并老困高中的绝念语法书grammar it 语法多简单，你可以去找找含码，感觉上面讲的比较好理解，不像无敌，薄冰系列那么复杂，反正够高中用的了。
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