老师请问：怎样区分一个短语是及物动词加介词还是不及物动词加介词？如give up, take off......谢谢

你好，同学，很高兴回答你的问题

正确答案：这需要去背的，去记住的。

有时两个词或三个词在一起构成一个成语，作用和一个单一动词差不多，称为成语动词。这种动词主要有下面四类：
1） 不及物动词+副词
The war broke out in 1939. 战争于1939年爆发。
She didn’t want to fall behind in her studies. 她不愿意学习落后。
How did the accident come about? 这事故是怎样发生的?
The wind has died down a bit. 风平息了一点。
常见的这类动词有：
back away back down back off boil over break away
break out check up close in cloud over come about
come apart come on come around come up cool off
crop up cut in die away die down die out
doze off drag on drop back drop by drop out
case up fade away fall apart fall behind fall through
fight back flare up fool around forge ahead get about
get along get up give in go ahead go along
go away go on go out go up grow up
hang together hit out hold on let up lie back
lie down look ahead look back look in make off
melt away move off move over own up pass away
press ahead press on push ahead push on ring off
run away run out rush in set in settle down
shop around sit back sit down speak up stand back
start out stay on stay up step aside step down
step in stop by stop off stop over touch down
watch out wear off
2） 不及物动词+介词
(1) He could not account for his absence from school. 他无法解释他为什么缺课。
(2) I called on her this morning. 今早我拜访了她。
(3) I ran across her in the library yesterday. 昨天我在图书馆碰到了她。
(4) You’d better wait and watch for a better chance. 你最好等等，留心更好的机会。
常见的这类成语动词有：
abide by account for allow for ask after bank on
break into break with bump into burst into call for
call on care for come across come by come for
come into come to come upon count on dawn on
deal with dispose of draw on drive at dwell on
embark on enter into fall into feel for frown upon
get at get into get over go about go for
head for hit on jump at keep to laugh at
leap at live for live off look after look into
look to make for meet with part with pick at
plan for play at play on provide for reason with
reckon on run across run into see to seize on
set about stand for stem from stick at take after
trifle with wait for wait on watch for
有些不及物动词可以跟副词也可以跟介词构成成语动词：
不及物动词+副词 不及物动词+介词
We mustn’t lag behind. We mustn’t lag behind others.
我们不能落后。 我们不能落在别人后 面。
They hope to break through soon in this research. The allies sought to break through the German lines. 他们希望这项研究不久能取得突破。 盟军设法突破了德军的防线。
We must be getting off now. Then they got off the bus.
现在我们得动身了。 随后他们下车了。
Let’s all join in. He joined in the march.
咱们都参加进去。 他参加了游行。
3） 及物动词+副词
(1)He is trying to bring about a reconciliation. 他在努力促成和解。
(2)I’ll try to hurry him up. 我来设法催促他。
(3)The trolley-bus stopped to put down three passengers. 电车停下来，让三位乘客下车。
(4)They are going to knock down those old houses. 他们要拆掉那些老房子。
这类成语用词很多，常见的有下面这些：
add up answer back back up beat up blow up
break in break off break up bring about bring forward
bring in bring off bring up call back call off
call out carry off carry on carry out catch up
check in check out cheer up clean out close down
count out cover up cross out cut down cut off
cut out dig up drag in drag out draw up
dress up drink up drive out eat up fight off
fill up find out finish up fix up follow up
gather up get in get out give away give back
give off give up hand down hand in hand out
hand over hand round have on heat up help out
hold out hold up hunt down hurry up hush up
kick out knock down knock out knock over lay down
lay off leave behind leave out let down let in
let off let out lift up look out look up
make out make up mix up note down open up
order about pass off pass over pass round pay back
pay off play down play up plug in point out
pull apart pull down put forward put off put on
put out put up read out rub out rule out
run over rush through see off seek out sell off
send up set aside set off set out shoot down
show off show up sign up slow down smooth over
sort out spread out stamp out start off step up
stick out sum up switch off switch on take apart
take back take off take on take over take up
talk over tear off tear up tell apart think over
thresh out throw away throw out tidy up tie down
tire out tone down track down try on try out
turn away turn back turn down turn in turn on
turn out turn up wake up warm up wash up
wear out win back win over wind up work out
也有部分成语动词是由及物动词+介词构成的，如：
(1) Don’t build on his promises. 不要信赖他的诺言。
(2) He talked me into changing my job. 他说服我改换了工作。
(3) They showed her round the house. 他们带她在屋里到处看了看。
(4) She set the children against their father. 她让孩子们反对他们的父亲。
4） 动词+副词+介词
还有一部分成语动词由三个词构成，即“动词+副词+介词”，介词后跟宾语，如：
(1) I can’t put up with these noisy people. 我无法忍受这些嘈杂的人。
(2) You might come up against a bit of opposition. 你可能会遭到一点反对。
(3) Don’t look down on this kind of work. 不要看不起这种工作。
(4) I’m looking forward to her arrival. 我期盼着她的到来。
这类成语动词常见的有：
be in for boil down to brush up on call out for
catch up with come down on come down to come down with
come in for come out against come out in come out of
come out with come up against come up to come up with
crack down on cry out against cry out for cut back on
date back to do away with face up to fall back on
fall in with get away with get down to get off with
get on to get on with get round to go back on
go in for go off with go over to go through with
grow out of keep in with keep on at keep up with
lead up to live up to look down on look forward to
look out for look up to make away with make off with
make up to match up to measure up to put up with
run away with run off with run up against stick out for
suck up to take up with talk down to tie in with
walk away from walk away with walk off with

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及物动词本身可以加宾语，所以不用加介词，
不及物动词才需要加介词，然后才能加宾语。

一般及物介词的话及物动词后面可以加sth ,例如give和take 都是及物动词，所以有give sth up 和take sth off