糖异生基本途径、关键酶

糖异生基本途径、关键酶
2025-03-16 15:48:06
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

糖异生
(1)体内非糖化合物转变成糖的过程称为糖异生。肝脏是糖异生的主要器官。只有肝、肾能通过糖异生补充血糖。能进行糖异生的非糖化合物主要为甘油、氨基酸、乳酸和丙酮酸等。
(2)糖异生的基本途径、关键酶
丙酮酸转变成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸丙酮酸经丙酮酸羧化酶作用生成草酰乙酸,草酰乙酸再进一步转变成磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸,由丙酮酸转变为磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸共消耗2个ATP1,6二磷酸果糖转变为6磷酸果糖此反应由果糖二磷酸酶催化,有能量释放,但并不生成ATP,所以反应易于进行6磷酸葡萄糖水解为葡萄糖此反应由葡萄糖6磷酸酶催化。由于此酶主要存在于肝和肾,所以肝和肾的糖异生产生的葡萄糖可补充血糖,其他组织则不能(3)肝内糖异生的生理意义
  主要为两个方面:①空腹或饥饿时肝脏可将非糖物质(氨基酸、甘油等)经糖异生途径生成葡萄糖,以维持血糖浓度的恒定;②通过糖异生作用,可以补充糖原储备。

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