乙醛能与银氨溶液反应析出银.如果条件控制适当,析出的银会均匀地分布在试管壁上,形成光亮的银镜,这个

2025-03-16 09:20:10
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)对比实验1和实验3的反应条件,其它条件相同,只有乙醛的用量不同,其实验目的是:比较银镜反应中,乙醛用量不同对生成银镜的影响;
故答案为:比较乙醛用量不同,生成银镜的时间(速度或质量均可);
(2)由实验2和实验4知:银氨溶液的量为1mL,乙醛的量为3滴,反应混合液pH为1时,水浴温度为45℃,出现银镜时间为6.5min,水浴温度为30℃,出现银镜时间为9min,其它条件相同,随着温度升高,反应速率加快,故:当银氨溶液的量为1mL,乙醛的量为3滴,水浴温度为40℃,反应混合液pH为11时,出现银镜的时间应在6.5min到9min之间;银镜反应实验如果条件控制适当,析出的银会均匀地分布在试管壁上,形成光亮的银镜,银镜的光亮程度与反应条件有关;
故答案为:在6.5~9min之间;光亮程度(或亮度、外观、效果等合理均可给分)
(3)要想探索银氨溶液的用量对出现银镜快慢的影响,需设计对比实验:银氨溶液的用量不同,保持乙醛的量、水液温度、反应混合液的PH相同,测量比较生成银镜的时间;
故答案为:保持其他的实验条件不变,改变银氨溶液的用量,测量生成银镜的时间(其它合理表述均可得分);
(4)银粉中含有少量的铁粉,用盐酸或稀硫酸除去,Fe+2H+═Fe2++H2↑,铁粉溶于酸中,而银粉不和盐酸或稀硫酸反应,用FeCl3溶液也可以Fe+2Fe3+═3Fe2+银粉不和FeCl3溶液反应;然后用过滤的方法得到纯净的银粉,所用玻璃仪器为:烧杯、漏斗、玻璃棒;
故答案为:Fe+2H+═Fe2++H2↑(或Fe+2Fe3+═3Fe2+);b  e  f;
(5)Ag2S和铁粉反应的化学方程式为:Ag2S+Fe+2HCl

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2Ag+FeCl2+H2S↑,有有毒气体H2S生成,故该实验应在通风橱中进行;
故答案为:通风橱;
(6)银能和浓、稀硝酸反应,方程式为:Ag+2HNO3(浓)=AgNO3+NO2↑+2H2O,3Ag+4HNO3(稀)=3AgNO3+NO↑+2H2O;
故答案为:硝酸.

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