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根据传统智慧，额执行业务被认为发挥重要作用的调节思想和行动。诺曼和Shallice （ 1986年） ，例如，认为这一行动是由控制存在的行为模式，指导反应选择在熟悉的设置，或者由一个正面介导的监督注意系统（ SAS ）的指导引出的行动小说，
令人感到意外，或危险的工作环境（又见巴德利， 1996年） 。至于高阶控制的行动，一个重要功能， SAS是妨碍执行overlearned答复内容不恰当的设置（达马西奥， 1994年; Shallice ， 1988年;巴德利， 1986年， 1996年;卢里亚， 1966年） 。因此，出现了绿灯不会提示驾驶人在一个十字路口， 1Harvard大学， 2Dartmouth学院，布里斯托3University如果行人仍然站在中间的道路。行政业务规范引出惯常的答复或overlearned以这种方式显然从个人行为谁遭受损害的额叶皮层（功率因数校正;金贝格与法拉， 1993年;富思特， 1989年; hallice ， 1988年;小脑， 1983年） 。一系列的任务，是敏感的额叶功能（例如，威斯康星卡片排序工作，汉诺塔工作，并斯特鲁普工作）这些人通常表现出无法抑制不适当的行为，有利于战略，将导致正确的回应（见Shallice ， 1988年） 。换言之，行政功能损害铭记的能力，以取代prepotent答复目标有关的行为反应（ Shallice ， 1988年;诺曼＆ Shallice ， 1986年） 。

According to conventional wisdom, fronto-executive operations are believed to play a fundamental role in the regulation of thought and action. Norman and Shallice (1986), for example, have argued that action is controlled either by preexisting behavioral schemas that guide response selection in familiar settings, or else by a frontally mediated Supervisory Attentional System (SAS) that guides the elicitation of action in novel,
surprising, or dangerous task environments (see also Baddeley, 1996). With regard to the higher-order control of action, one critical function of the SAS is to inhibit the execution of overlearned responses in contextually inappropriate settings (Damasio, 1994; Shallice, 1988; Baddeley, 1986, 1996; Luria, 1966). Thus, the appearance of a green light would not prompt one to drive across an intersection, 1Harvard University, 2Dartmouth College, 3University of Bristol if a pedestrian was still standing in the middle of the road. That executive operations regulate the elicitation of habitual or overlearned responses in this manner is apparent from the behavior of individuals who have suffered damage to the prefrontal cortex (PFC; Kimberg & Farah, 1993; Fuster, 1989; hallice, 1988; Lhermitte, 1983). On a range of tasks that are sensitive to frontal functioning (e.g., Wisconsin Card Sort Task, Tower of Hanoi Task, and Stroop Task) these persons typically demonstrate an inability to suppress inappropriate behaviors in favor of strategies that would lead to correct responding (see Shallice, 1988). In other words, executive dysfunction impairs the mind’s ability to replace prepotent responses with goal-relevant behavioral responses (Shallice, 1988; Norman & Shallice, 1986).