贝克关于歪曲认知的两个概念:选择性概括和过度概括的区别

2025-03-18 10:30:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

认知疗法的理论基础是阿龙·贝克提出的情绪障碍认知理论。他认为:心理问题“不一定都是由神秘的、不可抗拒的力量所产生,相反,它可以从平常的事件中产生,例如错误的学习,依据片面的或不正确的信息作出错误的推论,以及像不能妥善地区分现实与理想之间的差别等等。”他提出,每个人的情感和行为在很大程度上是由其自身认识世界、处世的方式或方法决定的,也就是说,一个人的思想决定了他内心体验和反应。
认知理论的出发点在于确认思想和信念是情绪状态和行为表现的原因。贝克论证说,抑郁症病人往往由于做出逻辑判断上的错误因而变成抑郁、歪曲事情的含义而自我谴责;一件在通常情况下很小的事情(如溅出饮料)会被他看成生活已完全绝望的表现。因此抑郁症病人总是对自己作出不合逻辑的推论,用自我贬低和自我责备的思想去解释所有的事件。

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