如何对一个已经存在的SQL Server表分区

有两种方法可以实现对一个表分区.一是创建一个新的标识为分区表的表(你可参照此步骤),然后把数据复制到这张新表,再对这两张表分别改名.或者,像我写在下面的,通过重建或创建一个聚集索引来达到分区一个表.
一个SQL Server表和数据进行分区示例
--Table/Index creation
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TABLE1]
([pkcol] [int] NOT NULL,
[datacol1] [int] NULL,
[datacol2] [int] NULL,
[datacol3] [varchar](50) NULL,
[partitioncol] datetime)
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TABLE1 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TABLE1 PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (pkcol)
GO
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX IX_TABLE1_col2col3 ON dbo.TABLE1 (datacol1,datacol2)
WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
ON [PRIMARY]
GO
-- Populate table data
DECLARE @val INT
SELECT @val=1
WHILE @val < 1000
BEGIN
INSERT INTO dbo.Table1(pkcol, datacol1, datacol2, datacol3, partitioncol)
VALUES (@val,@val,@val,'TEST',getdate()-@val)
SELECT @val=@val+1
END
GO
通过查看sys.partitions系统视图,上面的代码创建了一个传统的单分区表.
SELECT o.name objectname,i.name indexname, partition_id, partition_number, [rows]
FROM sys.partitions p
INNER JOIN sys.objects o ON o.object_id=p.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.indexes i ON i.object_id=p.object_id and p.index_id=i.index_id
WHERE o.name LIKE '%TABLE1%'

objectname

indexname

partition_id

partition_number

rows

TABLE1 PK_TABLE1 72057594042712064 1 999
TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_col2col3 72057594042777600 1 999

创建已分区的SQL Server表
为了创建一个分区表,需要先创建一个分区函数和分区方案. 下面的示例中,将通过datatime字段对一个表分区. 这里是创建这些对象与在系统视图中查看这些元数据的代码.
CREATE PARTITION FUNCTION myDateRangePF (datetime)
AS RANGE RIGHT FOR VALUES ('20110101', '20120101','20130101')
GO
CREATE PARTITION SCHEME myPartitionScheme
AS PARTITION myDateRangePF ALL TO ([PRIMARY])
GO
SELECT ps.name,pf.name,boundary_id,value
FROM sys.partition_schemes ps
INNER JOIN sys.partition_functions pf ON pf.function_id=ps.function_id
INNER JOIN sys.partition_range_values prf ON pf.function_id=prf.function_id
现在我们有一个分区方案,可对表进行分区操作. 既然我们想通过聚集索引来对一个创建了聚集索引的表进行分区,我们需要先删除掉这个索引并通过一个非聚集索引重建这个约束. 若这张表没有聚集索引,我们可忽略这一步,直接执行创建聚集索引语句. 类似地,若有一个聚集索引创建在分区字段上,我们可执行带DROP_EXISTING的创建聚集索引语句. 最后,若关注于执行此任务时数据库停止服务时间并且你使用的是SQL Server企业版本,可通过创建索引的ONLINE=ON选项来使数据库的停止服务时间最小. 记住,在使用ONLINE选项重建索引时,你可能会看到一些性能降低的现象. 这里是一些可能会乃至的脚本.
ALTER TABLE dbo.TABLE1 DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TABLE1
GO
ALTER TABLE dbo.TABLE1 ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TABLE1 PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED (pkcol)
WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX IX_TABLE1_partitioncol ON dbo.TABLE1 (partitioncol)
WITH (STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF,
ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON)
ON myPartitionScheme(partitioncol)
GO
在这些语句结束后,我们可再次查看sys.partitions系统视图(看上面的代码)并确认我们的表有4个分区.

objectname

indexname

partition_id

partition_number

rows

TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_partitioncol 72057594043039744 1 233
TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_partitioncol 72057594043105280 2 365
TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_partitioncol 72057594043170816 3 366
TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_partitioncol 72057594043236352 4 35
TABLE1 IX_TABLE1_col2col3 72057594043301888 1 999
TABLE1 PK_TABLE1 72057594043367424 1 999
SQL Server表和数据示例清除
--cleanup
DROP TABLE TABLE1
DROP PARTITION SCHEME myPartitionScheme
DROP PARTITION FUNCTION myDateRangePF