元素周期表中第 VIIA族元素的单质及其化合物的用途广泛.(1)能作为氯、溴、碘元素非金属性(原子得电子

2025-03-16 02:01:14
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

(1)同一主族元素,元素的非金属性越强,其氢化物的稳定性越强、其最高价氧化物的水化物酸性越强、其单质的氧化性越强,与物质的沸点、氢化物水溶液的酸性无关,故选bc;
(2)①电解时,阳极上氯离子放电生成氯酸根离子、阴极上氢离子放电生成氢气,所以反应方程式为1NaCl+3H2O═1NaClO3+3H2↑,
故答案为:1;3;1;3H2↑;
②NaClO3转化为KClO3,说明该反应中两种物质相互交换离子生成盐,为复分解反应,相同温度下,溶解度小的物质先析出,室温下KClO3在水中的溶解度明显小于其它晶体,所以先析出KClO3
故答案为:复分解反应;室温下,KClO3在水中的溶解度明显小于其它晶体;
(3)①根据图象知,D中Cl元素化合价为+7价,所以ClOx-中x为4,则D为ClO4-,故答案为:ClO4-
②B→A+C,根据转移电子守恒得该反应方程式为3ClO-=ClO3-+2Cl-,反应热=(63kJ/mol+2×0kJ/mol)-3×60kJ/mol=-117kJ/mol,所以生成1molC时,放出117kJ热量;
故答案为:3ClO-=ClO3-+2Cl-;放出117.

回答2:

答案如下,请参考:
(1)同一主族元素,元素的非金属性越强,其氢化物的稳定性越强、其最高价氧化物的水化物酸性越强、其单质的氧化性越强,与物质的沸点、氢化物水溶液的酸性无关,故选bc;
(2)①电解时,阳极上氯离子放电生成氯酸根离子、阴极上氢离子放电生成氢气,所以反应方程式为1NaCl+3H2O═1NaClO3+3H2↑,
故答案为:1;3;1;3H2↑;
②NaClO3转化为KClO3,说明该反应中两种物质相互交换离子生成盐,为复分解反应,相同温度下,溶解度小的物质先析出,室温下KClO3在水中的溶解度明显小于其它晶体,所以先析出KClO3,
故答案为:复分解反应;室温下,KClO3在水中的溶解度明显小于其它晶体;
(3)①根据图象知,D中Cl元素化合价为+7价,所以ClOx-中x为4,则D为ClO4-,故答案为:ClO4-;
②B→A+C,根据转移电子守恒得该反应方程式为3ClO-=ClO3-+2Cl-,反应热=(63kJ/mol+2×0kJ/mol)-3×60kJ/mol=-117kJ/mol,所以生成1molC时,放出117kJ热量;
故答案为:3ClO-=ClO3-+2Cl-;放出117kJ热量.

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