damage与harm与destroy与ruin的区别

2024-11-30 06:45:50
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

destroy 表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底的毁掉或毁灭,往往暗示无法或很难修复,有时用于比喻用法中。
The houses were destroyed by a fire.房屋被大火所毁。
All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal.他回信拒绝,使我的希望完全破灭。
damage 表示“损害”“损坏”,通常是指部分性的损坏,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等会降低,有时用于比喻用法中。
The bridge was badly damaged by the flood.桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
Smoking will damage your health.抽烟会损坏你的健康。
ruin 表示“毁坏”“毁灭”,指彻底的毁坏,破坏的原因通常是自然现象、年龄、疏忽等,现多用于比喻用法,在真正具体摧毁或破坏某做建筑物时,通常不用ruin。
The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
He ruined his prospects by carelessness.他因粗心大意断送了前途。
harm 一般指对身心健康、名誉的损害。Smoking harms our health. 吸烟有害健康。

ruin有时还指一般意义的弄坏或损坏,此时与spoil同义。这两个词还可用于美好经历或有用东西的损坏(此时不用damage和destroy)
My new dress is ruined.我的心连衣裙全完了。(如泼上墨水)
This unpleasant man with his endless complaints ruined my journey.
这个不讨人喜欢的家伙,牢骚满腹,使我旅行很不愉快。