以下是关于“外界因素对化学平衡移动影响的实验研究”的课题,回答问题:(1)影响化学平衡因素的界定:

2025-03-17 14:38:56
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

(1)化学平衡状态的特征为V(正)=V(逆),所以化学平衡发生移动的本质原因是正逆反应速率不相等,即V(正)≠V(逆),
故答案为:a;
(2)反应A.2NO2(g)?N2O4 (g)△H<0中,反应前后气体体积不相等,反应为放热反应,则温度、压强、浓度都会影响化学平衡,但是催化剂不影响平衡,所以反应A适合于研究温度、压强、浓度对平衡应的影响,即abc正确;
反应FeCl3+3KSCN?Fe(SCN)3+3KCl在溶液中进行,压强和催化剂不影响平衡,而温度和浓度会影响平衡,所以B适合研究温度、压强对平衡的影响,即ab正确,
故答案为:abc;ab;
(3)a.浓度:将FeCl3与KSCN反应后所得的混合液分为3等份,分别加入浓FeCl3溶液、浓KSCN溶液和NaOH固体,观察现象.现象:加入浓FeCl3溶液后,铁离子浓度增大,平衡向着正向移动,则混合溶液红色变深;加入NaOH固体后,氢氧根离子与铁离子反应生成难溶物氢氧化铁,则溶液中铁离子浓度减小,混合溶液红棕色变浅,
故答案为:变深;变浅;
b.温度:将密封并相互连通的盛有NO2的两个玻璃球,一个放人热水中,另一个放入冷水中;
现象:由于反应2NO2(g)?N2O4 (g)△H<0为放热反应,升高温度后平衡向着逆向移动,二氧化氮浓度增大,球内红棕色变深;
放入冷水中,平衡向着正向移动,二氧化氮浓度减小,则球内红棕色变浅,
故答案为:变深;变浅;
(4)根据(3)温度、浓度对化学平衡的影响可知:在其它条件不变时,增大反应物浓度或减小生成物浓度,加快反应速率,平衡向正向移动,增大生成物浓度或减小反应物浓度,减慢反应速率,平衡向逆向移动;升高温度,正逆反应速率都加快,平衡向吸热方向进行,降低温度,正逆反应速率都减慢,平衡向放热方向进行,
故答案为:在其它条件不变时,增大反应物浓度或减小生成物浓度,加快反应速率,平衡向正向移动,增大生成物浓度或减小反应物浓度,减慢反应速率,平衡向逆向移动;升高温度,正逆反应速率都加快,平衡向吸热方向进行,降低温度,正逆反应速率都减慢,平衡向放热方向进行.

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