(1)当滑片P处于左端,电路中只有R1,U1=U=18V,U2=0(电压表的示数为0)I大= U R1 = 18V 40Ω =0.45A(2)当滑片P处于右端时,电路中R1和R2串联,U1′:U2′=R1:R2=40Ω:20Ω=2:1又∵U=18V∴U1′=12V,U2′=6VI小= U R1+R2 = 18V 40Ω+20Ω =0.3A∴电压表的变化范围是0-6V,I大:I小=0.45A:0.3A=3:2故答案为:0,6,3:2.