双宾语是指句中包含两个宾语,一个是直接宾语,另一个是间接宾语。即“双宾语=直接宾语+间接宾语”,往往指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语,他们之间是非主谓关系;
复合宾语是指句中包含一个宾语和一个宾语补足语,即“复合宾语=宾语+宾语补足语”,一般情况下(除过去分词作宾补外)宾语与宾补为逻辑主谓关系。
1. I bought her a new MP3 player as a birthday present.(双宾语)
2. She considered the MP3 player I bought very precious.(宾语补足语)
3. We all call him Wang old.(宾语补足语)
含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。
主动:Tom gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。
被动:I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.
含复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句改为被动句时,一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如:
We always keep the classroom clean. 我们总是保持教室清洁。
The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是保持清洁的。