果园常见的灌溉技术有哪些方式

2025-03-15 08:55:28
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

果园灌溉一般可分为漫灌(含沟灌)、喷灌和滴灌三种。由于水资源短缺和工资提升,大的趋势是从漫灌逐步转变为管道灌溉。系统设计是避免失败和降低成本所必需的工作,原则是以最少的材料和施工成本,满足最大效能的系统功能。

回答2:

果园常用的灌溉方式有这些:

(1)穴灌在树冠投影的外缘挖穴,将水灌入穴中,以灌满为 度。穴深以不伤根为准,灌后将土还原。此种方法用水经济,浸润 根系范围的土壤较宽而且均匀,不会引起土壤板结。

(2)沟灌在果园行间开灌溉沟,沟深20~25厘米,与配水道 相垂直,灌溉沟与配水道之间有微小的比降。沟灌优点是灌溉水  经沟底和沟壁渗人土中,对全园土壤浸湿比较均匀,水分蒸发量与 流失量较小,减少果园中平整土地的工作量,便于机械化耕作。

(3) 喷灌基本不产生地表径流和深处渗透,节约用水,减少 对土壤结构的破坏,保持土壤原有的疏松状态,节省劳力,便于机 械化作业。缺点是在有风的情况下,喷灌很难做到灌水均匀,增加  水量损失。前期设备投入成本较高,增加果园的投资成本。

(4) 滴灌滴灌是通过安装在毛管上的滴头、孔口或滴灌带等 灌水器,将水一滴一滴地、均匀而又缓慢地滴入作物根区附近土壤 中的灌水形式。由于滴水量小,水滴缓慢入土,因而在滴灌条件下  除仅靠滴头下面的土壤水分处于饱和状态外,其他部位的土壤水 分均处于非饱和状态,土壤水分主要借助毛管张力作用人渗和扩 散。滴灌优点是省时省力、方便可靠、节水明显,缺点是前期投人  较大、成本较高、管道及灌水器易引起堵塞,要在机井出水口安装 过滤设备。

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