求《远大前程》书评

有关评论
2024-11-11 06:07:07
推荐回答(3个)
回答1:

您好,书评如下:

《远大前程》是狄更斯最成熟的作品之一,是他比晌哪春较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后,对人,对周围环境,对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识,而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中。这部作品原题名是GreatExpectations,意思是指一笔遗产,中国把它译成“远大前程”。这个译名给读者一种印象,即作品的主人公是有远大前程的。而事实上,这个“远大前程”是带讽刺意义的,应该说这部作品的主题决非仅仅是写孤儿皮普想当上等人的理想幻灭的故事,如果这样理解,就领会错宴耐了狄更斯创作这部作品的意义。皮普生活在姐姐家缓碰里,生活艰苦,他的理想是当一名像姐夫一样的铁匠,他没有想当上等人。后来他之所以想当上等人是因为环境的改变。狄更斯的哲学思想之一是环境对人思想的影响。不同的环境可以造就成不同的人。皮普的整个发展过程是符合一般人性理论的。这部作品并非任意写出,而是以狄更斯以前的十多部作品为基础,是他思想的总结。狄更斯把自己的人生观、哲学和道德的思想都总结到了这部创作之中。

回答2:

  
一.“是的,为了埃斯苔娜。”

郝维仙小姐披着新娘的婚纱,坐在轮椅上,依旧面对着布满了蜘蛛网的结婚蛋糕。几十年过去了,郝维仙小姐的时钟,永远停留在那一刻 ―― 盼望着新郎,就像人们等待着永远不会到来的戈多。。。

和狄更斯《远大前程》的第一次接触,是儿时看到那么一部黑白电影,叫《孤星血泪》。好多地方给小孩子留下深深的印象。

小皮普来到这个深院大宅,由一位漂亮而高傲的小女孩 ―― 埃斯苔娜 ―― 领着去见郝维仙小姐。埃斯苔娜小姐的培扰扮相,不管是孩子时代的还是长成以后的,都是十分冷艳。后来再看到一部彩色的《孤星血泪》,据说是一位四十多岁演技高超的英国女演员拍的 ―― 还兼演着少年时的埃斯苔娜小姐,那形象,是怎么看在狄更斯先生和他这部我最喜爱的作品的份儿上,都无法忍受的 ―― 其中,或许多少有那部黑白片子先入为主的因素。

郝维仙小姐因为新婚之夜被新郎抛弃,恨上了世间一切男人。她收养并“培训”了美丽的养女埃斯苔娜,让她向男人报复,伤男人的心。少年时候的小皮普,于是成了郝维仙小姐祭坛上的第一个牺牲品。

故事的开头,小皮普在坟场上分别遇到两个逃犯。一个,后来知道是埃斯苔娜的亲生父亲,小皮普给了他食物和锉刀,他后来给小皮普带来了“远大前程”;另一个,是埃斯苔茄敏娜亲生父亲的死对头,也正是那位抛弃郝维仙小姐的新郎。

总之,故事从一开始便处处透着诡异;人物的关系又是那样离奇的错综复杂;我确实曾经很被它吸引。

某种意义上说,后来之所以会去读读狄更斯《远大前程》原著,也可以引用书中最后一章的一句话来说说:
“是的,为了埃斯苔娜。”( Yes, for Estella’s sake .)

二.《远大前程》的译名

“《远大前程》是狄更斯最成熟的作品之一,是他比较晚期的作品。狄更斯经历了丰富的人间生活后,对人,对周围环境,对自己的生活经历都有了深刻的认识,而所有他成熟的思想认识都汇总在《远大前程》一书中。”

这部作品原来的题名是:Great Expectations。
话说小皮普长大,跟着姐夫当了铁匠。有一天,律师对他说,有人要出资培养他当个上等人。(皮普曾经在郝维仙小姐的误导下,以为“恩人”就是她。后来知道原来是埃斯苔娜的亲生父亲,要报答他小时候的搭救之恩)。皮普回到姐夫家里,对他信赖的姑娘毕蒂( Biddy )说了这么一句:“ I have great expectations! ”也许,这就是本题的“出典”。

查词典,have expectations 这个表达,有如下的含义:
(与of 连用)对...抱有希望
(与from 连用)有继承遗产的希望

从故事的情景看,应该是第二种。因此,“ I have great expectations! ”,就是说:我有望继承一笔巨额遗产啦!

Great Expectations 这部书书名的汉译,多年来一直像梦魇般困扰着我 ――― 任怎么也想不出自己满意的,尽管压根儿没有谁让我去想。

在英语简易读物《远大前程》出版之前,我国学界在论文上提到这部作品时多用《伟大的期望》的名字。这个译名中的“伟大”,我听着总觉得刺耳,会联想到伟大的中华民族之类精神上的“伟大”。然而,古典小说中的那个“伟大”,又太过的指实,too phisical 。总之,接受不了。
我对《远大前程》的译名也接受不了。远大前程;前程远大,在中文里的含义,好像广阔得多,而且引起的联想,大多是学业 ―― 考进了好的学校;官场 ―― 荣升了什么什么的。一般不会联想到“继承一笔巨额遗产”。

这个译名,我还会继续想。

三配纳旦.“ Biddy, all gone by!”
(“ 毕蒂,它已经随时间飘逝了。”)

原著的第一章,开头一段是这样的:

我父亲的姓是皮利普,而我的教名是菲利普。在我幼年时期,无论是皮利普还是菲利普,我既发不出这么长的音节,又咬字不清,只能发出皮普。所以,我干脆就把自己叫做皮普,以后别人也就跟着叫我皮普了。
( MY father’s family name being Pirrip, and my christian name Philip, my infant tongue could make of both names nothing longer or more explicit than Pip. So, I called myself Pip, and came to be called Pip。)

我也有点像小皮普,许多歌,我只会唱开头一句,或者两句;看小说,最喜欢、最有耐心仔细看的,常常是最后一章。

刚上大学不久,硬啃了那本“适合英语专业三年级学生阅读”的英语简易读物《远大前程》后,我又找到了英文原著,马上去啃最后一章。我把这一章隔行抄在纸上,多留空隙,自己做注解,有空就拿出来研读。限于水平,也总还有一些地方怎么也想不明白,得找位老师请教。我私心内“锚”上了谷老师,可是谷老师并不教我们英语!

谷老师是和我们一起进校的,只不过他是来当老师。在校园里,他实在是一位很引人注目和发笑的人物。年纪轻轻的,偏要打扮成三十年代人物的样子。中分头,蓄小胡子,衬衫外穿西装背心,背心上面挂满了各种校徽―― 本校的红校徽,南开大学的白色校徽(看来是南开毕业的),等等,有时还咬个烟斗。总之,看到这位英国绅士迎面走来,我心里总忍不住笑。他也常爱到乒乓球室来看我们校队练球,估计对我不会陌生。而他自己打起乒乓球来,仍然是穿着皮鞋,动作就远不如他的扮相潇洒漂亮了。

有一天,路上碰到他,我实在忍不住了,上前必恭必敬的叫了声:“谷老师!”他微一颌首,站住了。我于是简单自我介绍一下。他笑了笑,啊,我早认识你啦。全校大名鼎鼎的乒乓球冠军!我心里一乐,一宽。开始道出了仰慕之忱,提出了希望请教一篇课外读物的不情之请。他很爽快地答应了。约好周末晚上到他地教研室去。我心里简直乐开了花!

到期赴约,我们先闲聊了几句,这才知道他确实是南开英语专业毕业的。他很高兴地向我展示了教研室的许多工具书,并且再三对我说,日本人编写的英语工具书,处处为学习者着想,体贴入微,对于学习和研究英语,帮助最大,叫我尽量设法购置几本。这个教益,对我后来的英语学习,影响极大。

然后,我拿出了要请教的材料。我把原著给他,自己拿着手抄的,师生开始了共同研读。他看看我的手抄材料,自己做的密密麻麻红笔注解,赞了一声,你也真是够用心的了。

我们一面朗读,一面拆解句子。达到共识的,就pass 过去。我想不通的地方,就请教;受教而不甚明白,就提出自己看法。老师就会去翻教研室里的大型工具书,证明,或者推翻自己的看法。老师本人,在他那烟斗喷出地氤瘟中,也很快就被文本吸引而全身心地“投入”了。

记得读到皮普对毕蒂感叹他自己对埃斯苔娜那段旧梦已经风吹梦渺的时候,老师似乎完全沉浸其中了。他闭着眼睛,很有感情地朗读着:“But that poor dream, as I once used to call it, has all gone by, Biddy, all gone by!”(可是那个我一度称为可怜地旧梦,已经随时间飘逝了!毕蒂,它已经飘逝了!)随着朗读,他将头往后仰起,缓缓喷出一口烟,不再理会我了。

这次“谷师问学记”,我后来对好多亲戚朋友和学生说起,钦羡之余,其中也确有受到感染而对英语学习兴趣大增的。谷老师功德无量了。

四.在漠漠一片宁静的夜色中。。。

应该感谢罗志野先生,狄更斯的Great Expectations终于有了全译本《远大前程》。
首次读到《远大前程》,我自然先翻开了最后一章,拜读罗先生的译文。因为这一章的原文已经很熟悉了,用不到对照,我只是欣赏着译文,很佩服译文的忠实。然而,对于译文本身的“雅”,私心里颇有微辞焉。

罗先生在《远大前程》的“前言”中说:
“从语言上看,在这部作品中狄更斯已做到出神入化,要学习英国语言,这是一本典范。狄更斯就像高尔基一样,从来不矫揉造作,不选用那些华而不实的词语。他的用词都简单明了,朴实易懂。狄更斯本人和莎士比亚及高尔基一样,不是所谓“大学才子”,而是从普通人的身份进入作家行列的,他们都是用普通百姓的语言创作给普通百姓欣赏。因此,整部作品使读者感到朴实无华,行云流水。我在翻译时也注意到了这点。朱生豪当年在译莎士比亚剧本时说,他是以明白晓畅之字句来忠实传达文之意趣;梁实秋在译莎士比亚剧本时认为,他的翻译旨在引起读者对原文的兴趣,因为莎士比亚就是这个样子,需要存真。我在译《远大前程》时也抱定这个宗旨,尽量做到语言明白易懂,还狄更斯的本来面貌。”

我个人读原著的感觉,好像狄更斯的行文还是比较有点文采的,驱词遣句,并不像1976年诺奖得主索尔。贝娄( Saul Bellow)的文字那样的通俗和口语化。

译文中有这么一句:
“亲爱的老弟,为了纪念你,我们也叫他皮普。”
`We giv’ him the name of Pip for your sake, dear old chap,’
按照我个人的语感,汉语里,我们可以“纪念”一个有意义的日子;可以留作“纪念”;我们会“纪念”一个逝去的人;可是,似乎不大会说“纪念”一个仍然活着的人。按照英文原文,或者译成“亲爱的老弟,因为老是念着你,我们也管他叫皮普。”会稳妥些?

本章的最后一段,也就是全书的最后一段,写得很含蓄,很美,也是我最喜欢的一段:
`We are friends,’ said I, rising and bending over her, as she rose from the bench.
`And will continue friends apart,’ said Estella.
I took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place; and, as the morning mists had risen long ago when I first left the forge, so, the evening mists were rising now, and in all the broad expanse of tranquil light they showed to me, I saw no shadow of another parting from her.

译文为:
“我俩仍是朋友。”我说着站起身,并俯身扶她从长椅上站了起来。
“我们虽然分离,但愿情意长存。”埃斯苔娜说道。
我把她的手握在自己手中,一同走出这片废墟。记得在很久之前我第一次离开铁匠铺时,正值晨雾刚刚消散;现在我们刚走出废墟,夜雾也正开始消散。一片广阔的静寂沉浸在月色之中,似乎向我表明,我和她将永远一起,不再分离。

我读着这译文,就怎么都觉得似乎有点太淡然、太干瘪了些。结合当年“简写本”注释的译文,我试译如下:
“我们是朋友啊。”我说着站起身,并俯身扶她从长椅上站了起来。
“而且即便分开,也依然是朋友。”埃斯苔娜说道。
“我牵着她的手,一起步出这片废墟。一如很久之前我第一次离开铁匠铺的时候,晨雾刚刚消散,如今,夜雾也正在消散中。在消散的夜雾所呈现的漠漠一片宁静夜色中,我看不到有再一次和她分离的阴影。”

回答3:

很久很久以前写的感想

A lager room,where curtains were closed to allow no daylight in,and the candles were lit,.in the centre of the room .there was a table,.at which was a lady.She was wearing a dressmade of rich material.She had a bride's flowers in her hair.but herhair was white.There were suitcases full of dresses and jewels around her.ready for a journey.She only had one white shoe on.the white wedding dress had became yellow.and the flowers in her hair was died.and the bride inside the dress had grown old.Everything in the room was ancient and dying.the only brightness in the room was in her dark old eyes.Who was the lady?She was Miss havisham.a pitiful lady.Her mother died young.Her farther was very rich and very proud.with only one child,Miss Havisham,by his first wife.Then he married his cook.and had a son by her.This son a half brther to Miss havisham,was a bad character,and did not inherit as mush from his farther as Miss Havisham.He fund a man.The man pretended he was in love with Miss havisham.She was certainly in love with him.and give him whatever money he asked for.The couple fixed the wedding day.the guest were invited.The dress and the cake were brought in the room.The day came,but the man did not came…He broke her heart.She was angry .She wanted revenge.She adopt Estella.She wanted she to revenge.She said to Pip,who was deeply in love with Estella. “love her ,love her,love her !If she likes you,love her!If she hurt you.love her!if she tears your heart to pieces.love her!”But she did not want Estella to marry Pip.She let her marry another person,who Estella did not love.This is the story of Miss Havisham.She was hurt by a person.She wanted to hurt other persons.And she had done.This is no good for her.Only made her feel a little comfortable.and there was more victims in the world.there are so many persons in the world.when they were hurt they want to hurt other innocent persons.Athough this is no goodnfor them.but they did so.I do not know why they did so.Revenge?Made the world full of hateness.It is difficult to understand.
Joe was very different from Miss Havisham.His farther drank a lot,and when he drank he used to hit his mother and Joe.Joe’s mother and Joe ran away fromhim,but he found them and took them home.and hit them.but Jos said that his farther had a good heart.It is difficult to understand.Pip’s sister,Joe’s wife,a rude lady.She liked to be in charge and give orders.But Joe did not rebel.He said that when he thought of his por mother’s hard life.he was not afraid of not behaving right to a woman.so he’d rather seem a bit weak her than shouted at her.or hurt her.or hit her.He felt soory that she scrolded Pip as well.He wished that he could take all the scolding himself.What a kind person.Joe is other kind of person.When he was hurt.he would not let other peole suffer from it.he is very different from Miss Havisham.If there are more Jes live in the world,what the world will be?All of us can imagine.I did not say Joe is a very good person.I only say,if sme one hurt you.It is his faults.and you can revenge t him.Please do not hurt other innocent poele.Miss Havisham and Joe are two persons made me think a lot in this book.Their different outlook on life.
Pip is also an important persoon in the story.He fall in love with Estella.He studied as hard as he could.educating himself for her.Why did he love her?Because she is pretty?Because she is rich?Because she is proud?She did not treat him well.She give something eat to him.She put some bread and meat on the groundfor him.like a dog,but he did not hate her.he loved her as well.Beacause Pip loved her .he filt ashamed of his friends.he left from his home and his friends.I think it is not worth at all.If one persn do nt like you and treat you not vell Why do you like he?
That’s my thoughts .