1. 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
2. 当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。 如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。 如:
Either you or she is to go.
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
3. 谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。 如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.
也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity),即:
谓语与靠近的名词、代词(有时不一定是主语)在“人称、数”上一致
。
.
在
倒装句
中:谓语可与后面第一个
主语
一致。
e.g.
①In
the
distance
was
heard
the
clapping
of
hands
and
the
shouts
of
the
people
.
在远处,能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。
②There
is
(are)
a
pen
and
some
books
on
the
desk
.桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。
II.
非正式文体中:
有时依“就近一致原则”,但也可依“
意义一致原则
”或严格地依“
语法一致原则
”。e.g.
Neither
she
nor
I
were
there
(意义一致)
我和他当时都不在那儿。(非正式)
Neither
she
nor
I
was
there
.(就近一致)(译文同上句)(正式)
但是,如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时,则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.
No
one
except
his
own
supporters
agree
with
him
.仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。(依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则;但语法上,“No
one
”才是主语,谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。
【就远原则】
谓语动词与前面主语一致
代表词汇:as
well
as;(together/along)with;rather
than;except;besides;but;including;in
addition
to;apart
from
E.G:He
rather
than
I
is
right.
Nobody
but
two
students
is
in
the
classroom.