过去式和过去分词有什么不一样 过去分词写的时候有什么定律

2025-04-30 19:52:27
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回答1:

一般过去式The past Indefinite tense 
1.概念:
  过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;
2.时间状语:
  ago(two hours ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), 具体时间, just now, at the age of , one day, long ago, once upon a time(很久以前), etc.
  3.动词变化规则:
  规则变化:
  直接加ed,
  work-- worked ,
  以e结尾的单词,直接加d,
  make~•made不规则变化:
  have/has -- had,eat--ate ,see--saw
  
4.基本结构:

  主语+was/were+其他
5.否定形式:
  was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
6.一般疑问句:
  Was/Were+主语+其他?
7.例句:
  She often came to help us in those days.
  I didn't know you were so busy.  
8.一般过去式的构成形式:  
 肯定式   疑问式  否定式  疑问否定式
I worked Did I work? I did not work Did I not work?
He(she,it) worked Did he(she,it) work? He (she,it)did not work Did he(she,it)not work?
We worked Did we work? We did not work Did we not work?
You worked Did you work? You did not work Did you not work?
They worked Did they work? They did not work Did they not work?
  一般过去时表示
  (1)过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示(2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
  句式:主语+过去动词+其他
  I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。
  (1) He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up.
  他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。
  (2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
  补充内容:(句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
  Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(你现在不饿吗?)
  Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
  When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
  I had it about ten minutes ago. 我大约是十分钟以前吃的。 )
  Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
  I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
  I ate it at 6:45。我在六点四十五分吃了。
  一般过去时的基本用法
  1 带有确定的过去时间状语时,要用过去时
  如:yesterday(昨天)、two days ago…(两天前…… )、last year…(去年…)、the other day(前几天)、once upon a time(很久以前)、 just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里)、before liberation(解放前…)、 When I was 8 years old(当我八岁时…)、at+一个时间点
  Did you have a party the other day?
  前几天,你们开了晚会了吗?
  Lei Feng was a good soldier.
  雷锋是个好战士。
  注意
  在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
  2 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
  这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
  The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
  那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
  3 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作
  常与always,never等连用。
  Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.
  彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
  (只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
  比较
  Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
  彼得太太老是带着伞。
  (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
  Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.
  彼得太太 总是带着一把伞。(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)
  I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
  (不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
  4 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而现在不那样做了)
  He used to drink.
  他过去喝酒。
  (意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
  I used to take a walk in the morning.
  我过去是在早晨散步。
  (意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
  比较:
  I took a walk in the morning.
  我曾经在早晨散过步。
  (只是说明过去这一动作)
  5 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
  I didn''t know you were in Paris.
  我不知道你在巴黎。
  (因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
  I thought you were ill.
  我以为你病了呢。
  (这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
  辨别正误
  Li Ming studied English this morning.
  (把此句变为一般疑问句)
  (×)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
  (动词应该用原形)
  (×) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
  (时态应该用原句子的时态)
  (×) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
  (应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)
  (О) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
  一过:在过去发生的动作。
  主动:
  肯定① be 分为was,were ② v+ed
  否定① was/were not ② didn’t+v
  疑问① was/were+ 主 ② did+主+V
  时状:
  1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)
  2. the day before yesterday
  3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,centeury 世纪)
  4. ago
  5.in 1980 (过去年份)
  6.this morning/afternoon/evening
  7.when引导的状语从句 (过去)
  8.in the past
  9.just now
  10.the other day -- a few days ago
  11.at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)
  12.in the old days
  ......(未完待续)
  动词过去式规则变化
  1 直接加ed eg:work worked worked
  2 以不发音的e结尾的,+d eg:live lived lived
  3 以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i加ed eg:study stuied stuied
  4 以重读闭音节结尾的,双写最后的辅音字母+ed eg: stop stopped stopped
  不规则变化
  例如相等 eg:cut cut
  read read<注:read和read读音不同!>
  sit sat
  ——————————————————————————
  句型结构
  1.一般句子
  I watched TV last night.
  2.一般疑问句
  Did you watch TV last night?
  3.there be 句型
  There was an apple on the table last night.
  Was there an apple on the table last night?
  一般过去时口诀
  一般过去时并不难,表示过去动作、状态记心间。
  动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。
  否定句很简单,didn't 站在动词原形前,其它部分不要变。
  一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动词原形、其它部分依次站。
  特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。
  最后一条请注意,动词过去式要牢记。
一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点
概念:过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去( past-in-the-past )”。
----|-------------------------- |-------------------------------|---------------------------->
那时以前  那时  现在      
  构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成,其中 had 通用于各种人称。   They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.
  She had finished writing the composition by 10 :00 this morning.
二、过去完成时的判断依据
1. 由时间状语来判定
一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如:
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如:
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。
过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:
( 1 )宾语从句中
  当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:
  She said that she had seen the film before.
  ( 2 )状语从句中
  在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:
  When I got to the station, the train had already left.
  After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
  注意: before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:
  Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"
   We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
  3. 根据上、下文来判定。
  I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.
三、过去完成时的主要用法 
  1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如:
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时,雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”)
  2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”,只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如:
  He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )
  3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用,它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already , yet , still , just , before , never 等时间副词及 by , before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用。如:
  Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. 
  Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
  4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且动作尚未结束,仍然有继续下去的可能。如:
  By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worked 已有了 20 年,还有继续进行下去的可能)
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
  现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。试比较:
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
— John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
— Where had he been?
他去哪儿了?(答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方,即“过去的过去”)
五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
  虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:   1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较:
  They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
  They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
  2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。如:
  She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.
  3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after , as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。如:
  He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.
I (had) called her before I left the office.