关于高中生物一些推导公式

2025-03-15 20:32:56
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

首先解释第一个:复制n次,会形成2^n个DNA分子,那么就会有a*2^n个碱基,(注意这个a是两条链总共的碱基量哦!)但是呢,这些碱基不全都需要外界的原料供给,因为原来有一个母版在,所以呢,我们就减掉原来的那个DNA的分子,那就变成了2^n-1个DNA分子,所以我们一共需要a*(2^n-1)个。
解释第二个:咱可以把它简化一下,比如,就一个噬菌体被标记了,那么进入大肠杆菌后,这个噬菌体的DNA就要开始复制啦,它会形成两个DNA分子,那么这两个DNA分子都是混血儿,都是一条链被标记,另一条链没被标记,他们分别是两个新的子代噬菌体的DNA,然后这两个子代的再去侵染别的大肠杆菌,但是,无论再怎么复制,都仅会有两个DNA分子是混血的!(可以画个图试试),那么如果培养基中有m个子代噬菌体,被标记的噬菌体只有两个,就是2/m,但是最开始有n个,那就是2n/m

回答2:

第一个没错,原因:DNA复制n次之后的DNA总数为2^n个,作为模版的亲代DNA分子有一个,所以说新合成的DNA分子相当于(2^n-1)个,一个含有a个碱基,总数就是a(2^n-1)
说明中的式子,被标记的噬菌体有n个,被标记的DNA分子就有n个,由于DNA复制是半保留复制,所以子代DNA中带有标记链的应该是2n个,也就是子代被标记的噬菌体也有2n个,总数为m个,所以比值为2n/m

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