用英语描述中国学校

Overview of Education in China

Since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China in 1949, an important governmental effort has been to eliminate illiteracy and popularize compulsory education. At present, the national net enrollment rate in elementary schools is 98.58 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in junior high schools has reached 90 percent. This compares to 1949 when only 20 percent of school-age children were in school, and 80 percent of all adults were illiterate. Today illiteracy among the young and middle-aged population has decreased to less than 5 percent, and the nine-year compulsory education basically has been established in the areas where 90 percent of the country‘s population live.

The past ten years have seen the fastest development in education in China. Ten years ago, for example, few institutions offered an MBA (Master of Business Administration). In 2003, some 62 schools offer MBAs, enrolling some 30,000 MBA students. International professional degrees like EMBA (Employed Master of Business Administration) and MPA (Master of Public Administration) also are offered. As regards the MPA degree, the State Council Degree Committee has authorized 47 Chinese institutions of higher learning to offer the degree, and some 7,700 students have been enrolled at present.

International cooperation and exchanges in education have increased year by year. China has the most students studying abroad in the world. Since 1979, some 582,000 Chinese students have studied in 103 countries and regions, among whom 160,000 have returned after finishing their studies. Meanwhile, the number of foreign students studying in China has also increased. In 2003, there were 86,000 students from 170 foreign countries studying in China‘s universities.

Education in China thrives in part because of increased investment. Since 1998, the percentage of funds allotted to education by the Central Government has grown 1 percentage point annually. In 2003, the national government fund for education was 349.14 billion yuan, accounting for 3.41 percent in the GDP, an increase of 0.22 percentage point from the previous year, being the highest since 1989 when this index was first monitored.

According to a development program of the Ministry of Education, the government will establish an education financial system in line with the public financial system, strengthen the responsibility of governments at all levels to invest in education, and ensure that the governments‘ financial allocation in education grows faster than their regular revenue. The program also sets a goal of trying in a relatively short time to make educational investment account for 4 percent of the GDP. For non-compulsory education, China has a system of sharing costs with students by charging tuition at a certain percentage of the educational cost. Meanwhile, to ensure education for students from families with economic difficulties, the Chinese government offers scholarships, work-study programs, subsidies for students with special economic difficulties, reduction of or exemption from tuition, and state student loans.

The government is committed to providing more and more educational opportunities as demonstrated in a plan of the Ministry of Education whereby in 2020 for every 100,000 persons, 13,500 will have a junior college education and about 31,000 will have senior high school diplomas; the percentage of illiterate or semi-literate population will go down below 3 percent; and the average schooling of the whole population will increase from eight years of today to 11 years.

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Education System in China Today

Education in China today has been developing rapidly. Most children start school by the age of six. They spend five or six years in primary school and three years in junior middle school， which are compulsory education.

After that， some can attend professional school for two to three years before work. Some attend senior middle school for three years. Students have to pass a series of examinations before entering a college or university. The college or university life lasts two to four years. Now part of the cost is provided by with their families， although students can get the support from the college. After they graduate， they can go and find jobs.

Though great changes have taken place in the fields of education in China， there is still much to be improved.

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Education in china is facing a great chanllenge. Compared with the advanced education system, the problem of chinese education is obvious. Now developing the education system for ablity training should be the most important after a series of social problems resulted from the unlogical education methods and over-pursuit for students' high score.
First, our education concept focus on the result but not the procedure of learning; We all study for scores from primary school to college. Second, diploma is the only measurement of our ablity; we can't obtain a good job without a rich-enough diploma, say nothing of promotion .Under such pressure, we are busy with the postgraduate examination, studying abroad to become a whitecollar thus have little time or energy to consider the things irrelative to us, say nothing of the benefit of our country.
So,regarding to such results of chinese education, the reform of education should focus on two basic aspects. First, pay attention to the education procedures.The country should refresh the view of the traditional values of human resources, we should abandon the thought of score being the most important. The school should focus on the procedure of study and try to improve the integrated ablity of students. Secod, improve the capality of the teachers. A good teacher should treat the students kindly and give them advices in various fields for a teacher is due to not only enhance the imagination and creativity of the students, but also tell them the right way of living and treating the world.
In summary, we should straightly face the problems occured in the past years, and learn a lesson from them to speed up the development of education in China.

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Higher Education In China

Since the implementation of reform and opening up, the reform and development of higher education have made significant achievements. A higher education system with various forms, which encompasses basically all branches of learning, combines both degree-education and non-degree education and integrates college education, undergraduate education and graduate education, has taken shape. Higher education in China has played an important role in the economic construction, science progress and social development by bringing up large scale of advanced talents and experts for the construction of socialist modernization.

In 2002, there were all together 2003 Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), among which 1396 were Regular HEIs and the other 607 were higher education institutions for adults. In 2002, the total number of new entrant admitted by and the total enrollment of the regular HEIs were respectively 3,205,000 and 9,033,600. The total number of new entrant admitted by and the total enrollment of new recruitment and total enrollment of adult higher education institutions were 1,175,000 and 2,223,200. The total number of graduate students newly admitted by HEIs and research institutions was 202,600 among which 38,400 were for PH.D and 164,200 for master‘s degree. The total enrollment for graduate students was 501,000 in 2002.

Chinese economic system used to be very highly centralized. To adapt to that, the former higher education system was also centralized, with education provided by the central and local governments respectively and directly under their administration. The disadvantages of this system were that the state undertook too many responsibilities and the schools lacked the flexibility and autonomy to provide education according to the needs of the society, with central departments and local governments providing education separately, the structure of education was irrational and segmented. There were too many single disciplinary HEIs and professional HEIs, With the establishment of disciplines over-lapped, the efficiency of some HEIs fell very low which in return hampered the improvement of education quality. Therefore, the structural reform of higher education has become a key for other higher education reforms. The reforms of higher education consist of five parts: reforms of education provision, management, investment, recruitment and job-placement, and the inner-institute management, among which management reform is of most importance and difficulty. The overall objectives of higher education reform are to smooth the relationship among government, society and HEIs, setting up and perfecting a new system in which the state is responsible for the overall planning and macro management while the HEIs follow the laws and enjoy the autonomy to provide education according to needs of the society.

After several years‘ endeavour, the structural reform of higher education has gained heartening achievements. In the field of education provision reform, the old system in which the state undertook the establishment of all HEIs has been broken, and a new system in which the government take main responsibility with the active participation of society and individuals has been taking shape. The development of HEIs run by social forces are fully encouraged and supported.

Regarding management system reform, the relationship among universities, government and society has been gradually smoothed out by various ways such as joint establishment, adjustment, cooperation and merger. A two-level education provision system has taken shape in which the central and local government will take different responsibilities to provide education with the former responsible for the overall planning and management. As a result, the overlapping of education was overcome. At the same time, the government streamlines their administration and delegate more power to the HEIs, expanding their autonomy of providing education for the society according to the laws.

Since the founding of the People‘s Republic of China in 1949, an important governmental effort has been to eliminate illiteracy and popularize compulsory education. At present, the national net enrollment rate in elementary schools is 98.58 percent, and the gross enrollment rate in junior high schools has reached 90 percent. This compares to 1949 when only 20 percent of school-age children were in school, and 80 percent of all adults were illiterate. Today illiteracy among the young and middle-aged population has decreased to less than 5 percent, and the nine-year compulsory education basically has been established in the areas where 90 percent of the country‘s population live.

The past ten years have seen the fastest development in education in China. Ten years ago, for example, few institutions offered an MBA (Master of Business Administration). In 2003, some 62 schools offer MBAs, enrolling some 30,000 MBA students. International professional degrees like EMBA (Employed Master of Business Administration) and MPA (Master of Public Administration) also are offered. As regards the MPA degree, the State Council Degree Committee has authorized 47 Chinese institutions of higher learning to offer the degree, and some 7,700 students have been enrolled at present.

International cooperation and exchanges in education have increased year by year. China has the most students studying abroad in the world. Since 1979, some 582,000 Chinese students have studied in 103 countries and regions, among whom 160,000 have returned after finishing their studies. Meanwhile, the number of foreign students studying in China has also increased. In 2003, there were 86,000 students from 170 foreign countries studying in China‘s universities.

Education in China thrives in part because of increased investment. Since 1998, the percentage of funds allotted to education by the Central Government has grown 1 percentage point annually. In 2003, the national government fund for education was 349.14 billion yuan, accounting for 3.41 percent in the GDP, an increase of 0.22 percentage point from the previous year, being the highest since 1989 when this index was first monitored.

According to a development program of the Ministry of Education, the government will establish an education financial system in line with the public financial system, strengthen the responsibility of governments at all levels to invest in education, and ensure that the governments‘ financial allocation in education grows faster than their regular revenue. The program also sets a goal of trying in a relatively short time to make educational investment account for 4 percent of the GDP. For non-compulsory education, China has a system of sharing costs with students by charging tuition at a certain percentage of the educational cost. Meanwhile, to ensure education for students from families with economic difficulties, the Chinese government offers scholarships, work-study programs, subsidies for students with special economic difficulties, reduction of or exemption from tuition, and state student loans.

The government is committed to providing more and more educational opportunities as demonstrated in a plan of the Ministry of Education whereby in 2020 for every 100,000 persons, 13,500 will have a junior college education and about 31,000 will have senior high school diplomas; the percentage of illiterate or semi-literate population will go down below 3 percent; and the average schooling of the whole population will increase from eight years of today to 11 years.

The lesson hold- Chinese school of characteristics
The lesson hold exactly is for the sake of what?The teacher say:" The body of Practice ." I really feel a trifle funny, do the set to hold ability Practice body?Ask teacher presidents to do not chase that we was thank as idiocy, here. I remember to learn since the childhood till now has been have the lesson to hold, everyone get together then the top still has to get to hold of, then along with music start sway, repeat those actions that let person rise the chicken skin pimple, I really will feel do again the lesson holds us of intelligence will descend!Is still so now, have a few " Red Guard"s to take origin turn with pen everywhere leisurely, record those not the person who hold up then report to" nation", nation for" officials" everyday bottom the hair" blacklist", then return to the each squad, the result is imaginable-" criticize the 斗 " those for pursue" freedom but do not wish to obey this kind of boring sport of person." Perhaps this period of Cultural Revolution that would be the school?The Laughter , the fun is just.
The lesson still hold rather let free activity of everyone, want to exercise of exercise, do not want to exercise and then see the book in the class, the teachers have what right compulsory do we to hold?Does the school rules of the oneself establishment of the school is legal?
Perhaps the lesson hold to educate the history in China up already deeply rooted, can can't the difficult way change?Some personal words is just.
Central America the senior high school contrasts the differentiation of the formality:
At the senior high school in China, the students of each class have the fixed classroom, the military training and lessons of the full of Chinese special features hold the senior high school in China to living to all want to attend the military training;The course of the Chinese senior high school regard the foundation course as principle, laying particular emphasis on in an ability of solution of develop the student, to reply will test, high test.
The American senior high school establishes diversified course, in addition to the foundation lesson is required, the rest course student can press interest in the oneself to take an elective subject, this special features that make each student can develop an oneself.Begin the opportunity of the operation on the students lesson a lot of, it has a class the location to also disregard to the classroom, sometimes going on a tour the lesson（Field Trip）。

In China ,the schools are better than before. The teacher are better than before ,too. All the students must go to school for nine years .It 's the Chinse rule. So there are many students get good education .……

with so many ss wanting to go to colledge and so mang men wanting to bribe to go to colldge, the examination is neccesary and fair.
maybe the content of examination needs to be changed