51单片机与plc通讯问题。

2024-12-04 18:27:17
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

两机通讯可以使用MODBUS来实现
大部分的PLC都提供有MODBUS方便指令的,可以直接调用的,只是简单的设置几个特殊寄存器就ok。大部分的编成工作还是在单片机上,MODBUS通讯有两种通讯格式1)ASCII 2)RTU
1.ASCII模式   当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以ASCII(美国标准信息交换代码)模式通信,在消息中的每个8Bit字节都作为一个ASCII码(两个十六进制字符)发送。这种方式的主要优点是字符发送的时间间隔可达到1秒而不产生错误。   代码系统   · 十六进制,ASCII字符0...9,A...F   · 消息中的每个ASCII字符都是一个十六进制字符组成   每个字节的位   · 1个起始位   · 7个数据位,最小的有效位先发送   · 1个奇偶校验位,无校验则无   1个停止位(有校验时),2个Bit(无校验时)   错误检测域   · LRC(纵向冗长检测)   2、RTU模式   当控制器设为在Modbus网络上以RTU(远程终端单元)模式通信,在消息中的每个8Bit字节包含两个4Bit的 十六进制字符。这种方式的主要优点是:在同样的波特率下,可比ASCII方式传送更多的数据。   代码系统   8位二进制,十六进制数0...9,A...F   消息中的每个8位域都是一个两个十六进制字符组成   每个字节的位   1个起始位   8个数据位,最小的有效位先发送   1个奇偶校验位,无校验则无   1个停止位(有校验时),2个Bit(无校验时)   错误检测域   CRC(循环冗长检测)   CRC域是两个字节,包含一16位的二进制值。它由传输设备计算后加入到消息中。接收设备重新计算收到消息的CRC,并与接收到的CRC域中的值比较,如果两值不同,则有误。   CRC是先调入一值是全“1”的16位寄存器,然后调用一过程将消息中连续的8位字节各当前寄存器中的值进行处理。仅每个字符中的8Bit数据对CRC有效,起始位和停止位以及奇偶校验位均无效。   CRC产生过程中,每个8位字符都单独和寄存器内容相异或(XOR),结果向最低有效位方向移动,最高有效位以0填充。LSB被提取出来检测,如果LSB为1,寄存器单独和预置的值或一下,如果LSB为0,则不进行。整个过程要重复8次。在最后一位(第8位)完成后,下一个8位字节又单独和寄存器的当前值相或。最终寄存器中的值,是消息中所有的字节都执行之后的CRC值。   CRC添加到消息中时,低字节先加入,然后高字节。   CRC简单函数如下:   unsigned short CRC16(puchMsg,usDataLen)   unsigned char *puchMsg ; /* 要进行CRC校验的消息*/   unsigned short usDataLen ; /* 消息中字节数*/   {   unsigned char uchCRCHi = 0xFF ; /* 高CRC字节初始化*/   unsigned char uchCRCLo = 0xFF ; /* 低CRC 字节初始化*/   unsigned uIndex ; /* CRC循环中的索引*/   while (usDataLen--) /* 传输消息缓冲区*/   {   uIndex = uchCRCHi ^ *puchMsgg++ ; /* 计算CRC */   uchCRCHi = uchCRCLo ^ auchCRCHi[uIndex] ;   uchCRCLo = auchCRCLo[uIndex] ;   }   return ((uchCRCHi << 8) | uchCRCLo) ;   }   /* CRC 高位字节值表*/   static unsigned char auchCRCHi[] = {   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,   0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,   0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,   0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,   0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,   0x81,0x40,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,   0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40,0x01,0xC0,0x80,0x41,0x01,0xC0,   0x80,0x41,0x00,0xC1,0x81,0x40   } ;   /* CRC低位字节值表*/   static char auchCRCLo[] = {   0x00,0xC0,0xC1,0x01,0xC3,0x03,0x02,0xC2,0xC6,0x06,   0x07,0xC7,0x05,0xC5,0xC4,0x04,0xCC,0x0C,0x0D,0xCD,   0x0F,0xCF,0xCE,0x0E,0x0A,0xCA,0xCB,0x0B,0xC9,0x09,   0x08,0xC8,0xD8,0x18,0x19,0xD9,0x1B,0xDB,0xDA,0x1A,   0x1E,0xDE,0xDF,0x1F,0xDD,0x1D,0x1C,0xDC,0x14,0xD4,   0xD5,0x15,0xD7,0x17,0x16,0xD6,0xD2,0x12,0x13,0xD3,   0x11,0xD1,0xD0,0x10,0xF0,0x30,0x31,0xF1,0x33,0xF3,   0xF2,0x32,0x36,0xF6,0xF7,0x37,0xF5,0x35,0x34,0xF4,   0x3C,0xFC,0xFD,0x3D,0xFF,0x3F,0x3E,0xFE,0xFA,0x3A,   0x3B,0xFB,0x39,0xF9,0xF8,0x38,0x28,0xE8,0xE9,0x29,   0xEB,0x2B,0x2A,0xEA,0xEE,0x2E,0x2F,0xEF,0x2D,0xED,   0xEC,0x2C,0xE4,0x24,0x25,0xE5,0x27,0xE7,0xE6,0x26,   0x22,0xE2,0xE3,0x23,0xE1,0x21,0x20,0xE0,0xA0,0x60,   0x61,0xA1,0x63,0xA3,0xA2,0x62,0x66,0xA6,0xA7,0x67,   0xA5,0x65,0x64,0xA4,0x6C,0xAC,0xAD,0x6D,0xAF,0x6F,   0x6E,0xAE,0xAA,0x6A,0x6B,0xAB,0x69,0xA9,0xA8,0x68,   0x78,0xB8,0xB9,0x79,0xBB,0x7B,0x7A,0xBA,0xBE,0x7E,   0x7F,0xBF,0x7D,0xBD,0xBC,0x7C,0xB4,0x74,0x75,0xB5,   0x77,0xB7,0xB6,0x76,0x72,0xB2,0xB3,0x73,0xB1,0x71,   0x70,0xB0,0x50,0x90,0x91,0x51,0x93,0x53,0x52,0x92,   0x96,0x56,0x57,0x97,0x55,0x95,0x94,0x54,0x9C,0x5C,   0x5D,0x9D,0x5F,0x9F,0x9E,0x5E,0x5A,0x9A,0x9B,0x5B,   0x99,0x59,0x58,0x98,0x88,0x48,0x49,0x89,0x4B,0x8B,   0x8A,0x4A,0x4E,0x8E,0x8F,0x4F,0x8D,0x4D,0x4C,0x8C,   0x44,0x84,0x85,0x45,0x87,0x47,0x46,0x86,0x82,0x42,   0x43,0x83,0x41,0x81,0x80,0x40   } ;