说明:Rh代表苯基
(1)与钠反应
①羧酸 2RCOOH+2Na→2RCOONa+H₂↑
②酚 2Rh-OH +2Na→2Rh-ONa+H₂↑
③醇 2R-OH +2Na→2R-ONa+H₂↑
(2)与碳酸钠反应
①羧酸 2RCOOH+2Na₂CO₃→2RCOONa+CO₂↑+H₂O
②酚 Rh-OH +2Na₂CO₃→Rh-ONa+NaHCO₃
(3)与NaHCO₃反应
①羧酸 RCOOH+NaHCO₃→RCOONa+CO₂↑+H₂O
(4)与氢氧化钠反应
①羧酸 RCOOH+NaOH→RCOONa+H₂O
②酚 Rh-OH +NaOH→Rh-ONa+H₂O
③卤代烃 R-X +NaOH→R-OH+NaX
④羧酸酯 RCOOR'+NaOH →RCOONa+R'OH
⑤酚酯 RCOORh+2NaOH →RCOONa+RhONa+H₂O