稳压二极管反向伏安特性曲线与pn结反向伏安特性曲线有什么区别?稳压二极管是如何实现稳压的?

2025-03-15 13:41:35
推荐回答(2个)
回答1:

  区别:主要就是在那个击穿区。稳压二极管的击穿区,特性曲线的斜率比较大,近似垂直,这样就意味着,当反向电流增大时,反向电压的变动幅度不大;而PN结,斜率相对要小,这就意味着,随着反向电流增大,其实稳压效果很差,即反向电压会在一个相对较宽的范围内波动。

  稳压二极管,又叫齐纳二极管。利用pn结反向击穿状态,其电流可在很大范围内变化而电压基本不变的现象,制成的起稳压作用的二极管。 此二极管是一种直到临界反向击穿电压前都具有很高电阻的半导体器件.在这临界击穿点上,反向电阻降低到一个很小的数值,在这个低阻区中电流增加而电压则保持恒定,稳压二极管是根据击穿电压来分档的,因为这种特性,稳压管主要被作为稳压器或电压基准元件使用。稳压二极管可以串联起来以便在较高的电压上使用,通过串联就可获得更高的稳定电压。

回答2:

稳压二极管的反向特性曲线与PN结的反向特性曲线非常接近,很简单,因为二极管内部实质就是一个PN结,但也有区别:主要就是在那个击穿区。稳压二极管的击穿区,特性曲线的斜率比较大,近似垂直,这样就意味着,当反向电流增大时,反向电压的变动幅度不大;而PN结,斜率相对要小,这就意味着,随着反向电流增大,其实稳压效果很差,即反向电压会在一个相对较宽的范围内波动。
稳压二极管就是依靠二极管的反向击穿特性工作的(原理就是依托这根曲线的形状),要正常工作必须满足两个条件:
1、外部所施加的反向电压必须大于稳压管的稳定电压;
2、稳压管通过的反向电流必须在合理范围内,即最小稳定电流至最大稳定电流之间。

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