A=D-L-U(D-L)^{-1}Ux=λx=>Ux=λ(D-L)x左乘x^H得到x^HUx=λx^H(D-L)x记x^HDx=d, x^HLx=a+ib, 那么x^HUx=a-ib, x^HAx=d-2a由条件得d>0, d-2a>0而|λ|=|a-ib|/|d-a-ib||d-a-ib|^2=d^2-2ad+a^2+b^2=d(d-2a)+a^2+b^2>a^2+b^2=|a-ib|^2所以|λ|<1