如图所示,电源两端电压U=3V保持不变.当开关S1闭合、S2断开,滑动变阻器滑片P在AB中点时,电压表示数为U

2025-05-01 11:01:22
推荐回答(1个)
回答1:

当开关S1闭合、S2断开,滑动变阻器滑片P在AB中点时,等效电路图如图甲所示;
当当开关S1闭合、S2断开,滑动变阻器滑片P移至B端时,等效电路图如图乙所示;
当开关S1、S2都闭合,滑动变阻器滑片P移至A端时,等效电路图如图丙所示.

∵I=

U
R
,且U1:U2=3:4,
I1
I2
=
U1
R3
2
U2
R3
=
2U1
U2
=2×
3
4
=
3
2

∵电源的电压不变,
I1
I2
=
R1+R3
R1+
R3
2
=
3
2

解得:R3=2R1
∵串联电路中总电阻等于各分电阻之和,
∴图乙中的电流I2=
U
R1+R3
=
U
R1+2R1
=
U
3R1
=
3V
3R1

∵并联电路中各支路两端的电压相等,且干路电流等于各支路电流之和,
∴图丙中的干路电流I3=
U
R1
+
U
R2
=
3V
R1
+
3V
=
3V
R1
+3A,
∵I2:I3=1:6,
∴I3=6I2,即
3V
R1
+3A=6×
3V
3R1

解得:R1=1Ω,
则R3=2R1=2×1Ω=2Ω,
通电1min,图乙中电路消耗的电能:
W=UI1t=
U2
R1+
R2
2
t=
(3V)2
1Ω+
2
×60s=270J.
故答案为:270.